Difference between revisions of "Armament"

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{{Stub|We need the whole deal, lead sections to improve flow, reference, rewriting, explanations etc, for reference see [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/Concordance/Section/2.7.1./ Concordance] and [[:fr:Armement|french version]] and obviously the books, but generally be bold}}<hr>
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<!-- {{Stub|We need the whole deal, lead sections to improve flow, reference, rewriting, explanations etc, for reference see [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/Concordance/Section/2.7.1./ Concordance] and [[:fr:Armement|French version]] and obviously the books, but generally be bold}}-->
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[[File:Jedruszek moment of glory.jpg|thumb|450px|A [[knight]] in the midst of battle lands a heavy blow with his morningstar while also wielding a bloodied sword - by Tomasz Jedruszek © Fantasy Flight Games]]
  
[[File:Northmen reading for battle.jpg|thumb|300px|Northmen readying for battle]]
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A variety of '''armament''' is used throughout the [[known world]].
[[File:Stark Bannerman by graikfaik.jpg|thumb|300px|[[House Stark]] cavalry, by graikfaik ©]]
 
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{{TOC limit|3}}
 
 
 
==Armies==
 
While Westeros is a continent wholly created from the imagination of George R R Martin, the nature of the armies is firmly based on historical precedent. Those of the Northmen for example are apparently based on northern English medieval armies (with an eastern European influence regarding knights), while those below the Neck appear to be rooted in English, German, and French practice, though the Westerosi culture is sufficiently too different to make any single comparison solid.
 
  
 
==Weapons==
 
==Weapons==
 
The weapons carried generally reflect those of the prototype armies and by far the most common is the sword. This is to a very real extent the mark of a soldier and so carried by all, although it may not necessarily be the soldier's primary weapon.  
 
The weapons carried generally reflect those of the prototype armies and by far the most common is the sword. This is to a very real extent the mark of a soldier and so carried by all, although it may not necessarily be the soldier's primary weapon.  
  
Castle-forged weapons are of high quality, generally better than those produced by smiths in the cities. However, usually only [[knight]]s and nobles can afford them. The rarest and most desired swords are those forged in [[Valyrian Freehold|Old Valyria]], of [[Valyrian steel]]. These swords are stronger, lighter, and sharper than all others (except perhaps for [[Dawn]]), and the steel is typically dark, almost black. The secrets of forging them have been lost and there are perhaps only a couple of hundred of them left in Westeros, mostly as prized heirlooms by noble houses.
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Castle-forged weapons are of high quality, generally better than those produced by smiths in the cities. However, usually only [[knight]]s and nobles can afford them. The rarest and most desired swords are those forged in [[Valyrian Freehold|Old Valyria]], of [[Valyrian steel]]. These swords are stronger, lighter, and sharper than all others (except perhaps for [[Dawn]]), and the steel is typically dark, almost black. The secrets of forging them have been lost and there are perhaps only a couple of hundred of them left in Westeros, mostly as prized heirlooms by noble houses.{{ref|ASOS|32}}
  
Other weapons are also common. Almost everyone carries a knife or dagger, as they are useful and practical in many circumstances. Effective spears and mauls are relatively cheap to make and are, thus, popular weapons for men-at-arms. A cheap spear can still be a good weapon; the same cannot be said of a cheap sword.
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Other weapons are also common. Almost everyone carries a knife or dagger, as they are useful and practical in many circumstances. Effective spears and mauls are relatively cheap to make and are, thus, popular weapons for men-at-arms. A cheap spear can still be a good weapon; the same cannot be said of a cheap sword.{{ref|ADWD|66}}
  
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===Lances===
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[[File:Stark Bannerman by graikfaik.jpg|thumb|[[House Stark]] cavalry, by graikfaik ©]]
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* A [[w:lance|war lance]] is a weapon of heavy cavalry, such as [[knight]]s and [[northern cavalry]]. They are often eight feet long, made of turned ash, and banded to prevent splitting. The lance is tipped with a steel point sharpened to drive through plate,{{ref|THK}} and is normally used for a single charge before becoming too unwieldy in close combat.
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* [[Tourney]] lances are longer and more fragile than their battlefield cousins. Their tips are blunted to better unhorse an opponent without causing serious harm, and they are unbanded, meaning that they will often break upon impact. A tourney lance is normally twelve feet long.{{ref|THK}}
  
===Known Weapon Types===
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===Polearms===
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* The [[w:halberd|halberd]] has a heavy, cleaver-like blade at the top of a long shaft. It usually has a spike at the top of the shaft and a thorn or a hook opposite to the blade.
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* The [[w:pollaxe|poleaxe]] has an axehead opposite to a hammer or a spike, mounted on a shaft.{{ref|TSS}} The shaft usually has a spike on both ends.
  
===Polearms===
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===Axes===
* '''Halberd''': The halberd has a heavy, cleaver-like blade at the top of a long shaft. It usually has a spike at the top of the shaft and a thorn or a hook opposite to the blade.
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* The [[w:battle axe|battle-axe]] is a broad-headed axe used to cleave through armor and shields. It can be wielded in one hand, and some battle-axes are double-bladed.{{Ref|aCoK|23}}
* '''Poleaxe''': A Poleaxe has an axehead opposite to a hammer or a spike, mounted on a shaft. The shaft usually has a spike on both ends.
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* The hand axe is a warrior’s version of a [[w:hatchet|hatchet]], smaller than a battle-axe and balanced to be thrown. These short-hafted axes are used by the [[ironmen]] to dance the [[finger dance]].{{ref|ACOK|24}}
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* The [[w:Dane axe|longaxe]] is a long-hafted version of the battle-axe. The longaxe is light enough to be wielded by one hand.{{Ref|aCoK|22}} A longaxe may have a double-bladed axe head or it may have a spike on one side.{{ref|asos|51}} It is likely that some longaxes are large enough to require two hands, such as the one wielded by [[Areo Hotah]].{{ref|AFFC|21}}
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* The woodsman's axe, a tool for chopping and splitting wood, can turn into a deadly weapon. Normally used by [[smallfolk]] and brigands, it is single-bladed and smaller than its martial cousin, the battle-axe.
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* Stone axes are proudly used by the [[free folk]].{{ref|TWOIAF|The Wall and Beyond: The Wildlings}}
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* The [[Ibbenese]] are fond of axes.{{ref|ACOK|29}}{{ref|ASOS|3}}
  
====Axes & Hammers====
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===Swords===
* '''Battle-axe''': A wicked, broad-headed axe, used to cleave through armor and shields. It can be wielded in one hand, and some battle-axes are double-bladed.{{Ref|aCoK|23}}
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[[File:Bannermen sketch ii by tribemun.jpg|thumb|300px|[[House Tully|Tully]] and [[House Lannister|Lannister]] bannermen sketches by Tribemun ©]]
* '''Hand Axe''': A warrior’s version of a [[w:hatchet|hatchet]], smaller than a battle-axe and balanced to be thrown. These short-hafted axes are used by the [[ironmen]] to dance the [[finger dance]].
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* The [[longsword]] is a common weapon of [[knight|knights]] throughout [[Westeros]]; these one-handed blades are also known as broadswords or simply "swords". The blades are about three feet in length, double-edged, and mounted on a hilt with a heavy pommel and a sizable crossguard.
* '''Longaxe''': A long-hafted version of the battle-axe. The longaxe is light enough to be wielded by one hand.{{Ref|aCoK|22}} A longaxe may have a double-bladed axe head or it may have a spike on one side.{{ref|asos|51|585}} It is likely that some longaxes are large enough to require two hands, such as the one wielded by [[Areo Hotah]].
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* A [[greatsword]] requires two hands to use. It is the largest type of sword.
* '''Woodsman’s Axe''': A woodsman’s tool for chopping and splitting wood, this axe can easily turn into a deadly weapon. Normally used by smallfolk and brigands, it is single-bladed and smaller than its martial cousin, the battle-axe.
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* A [[bastard sword]] is longer than a longsword but shorter than a greatsword. It is more of a hand-and-a-half weapon than a two-handed sword.{{Ref|aGoT|60}}
* '''Club/Cudgel''': A short club fashioned of hard wood or sometimes metal. The [[City Watch of King's Landing]] is armed with iron cudgels.
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* The [[shortsword]] is shorter than a longsword but longer and heavier than a dagger. The shortsword is a one-handed blade generally meant for thrusting.
* '''Mace''': A blunt crushing weapon designed to smash armor, a mace consists of a heavy head of stone or metal set upon a wooden or metal shaft. The head is often flanged or knobbed to better penetrate armor.{{Ref|aGoT|61}}
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* The [[falchion]] is a short, cleaver-like sword used for hacking.
* '''Warhammer''': Usually about the same length as a mace (though they can be much longer), the head is made of hardened steel that has a long spike to one side and a small mace-like counterweight on the other.  Warhammers are good for piercing armor, or hooking the enemies' reins or shields.
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* [[Bravo]]s favor slender swords, edged and balanced for the thrust.{{Ref|aGoT|10}} The [[water dancer]]s of [[Braavos]] have made these narrow swords famous, though they can be found throughout the [[Free Cities]].{{ref|ADWD|57}}
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* The ''[[arakh]]'' is a long curved sword favored by [[Dothraki]].{{Ref|aGoT|11}}
  
====Swords====
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===Knives===
* '''[[Arakh]]''': [[Dothraki]] warriors favor this long curved sword.{{Ref|aGoT|11}} It is a type of sword with no guard and a curved blade resmebling a [[w:scythe|scythe]].
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* A [[w:dagger|dagger]] is a knife used to stab and pierce, often carried as a tool as much as a weapon.
* '''[[Shortsword]]''': Shorter than a longsword but longer and heavier than a dagger, the shortsword is a one-handed blade generally meant for thrusting.
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* A [[w:dirk|dirk]] is a dagger designed for combat with a straight, narrow blade, often used in the off-hand to complement a primary weapon.{{Ref|aGoT|Prologue}}
* '''Braavosi Blade''': Slender swords, edged and balanced for the thrust.{{Ref|aGoT|10}} The [[Water Dancer]]s of [[Braavos]] have made these narrow swords famous, though they can be found throughout the [[Free Cities]].
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* A [[w:stiletto|stiletto]] is a long, slender dagger used for stabbing. [[Myr]] is known for stilettos.{{ref|ASOS|42}}{{ref|ADWD|19}}
* '''[[Longsword]]''': A common weapon of [[knight|knights]] throughout [[Westeros]], these one-handed blades are also known as broadswords or simply "swords." The blades are about three feet in length, double-edged, and mounted on a hilt with a heavy pommel and a sizable crossguard.
 
* '''[[Bastard sword]]''': Neither a longsword nor a greatsword, the bastard sword is named for its lack of family. It has a longer blade and a more elongated grip than a longsword. However, the longer hilt is not as large as that of a greatsword and it is meant for the off-hand to provide a bit more leverage. Thus, the bastard sword is more of a hand-and-a-half weapon than a two-handed sword.{{Ref|aGoT|60}}
 
* '''[[Greatsword]]''': The greatsword requires two hands to use. It is the largest type of sword.
 
  
====Projectile weapons====
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===Clubs===
* '''Bow''': Bows in the Seven Kingdoms are made from wood, though bows from more exotic lands may be made from laminated horn or bone.{{Ref|aCoK|68}} Bows are difficult to use while mounted and cannot normally be used with any accuracy if the mount is moving.
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* [[w:club (weapon)|Clubs]] and cudgels are short weapons fashioned of hard wood or sometimes metal. The [[City Watch of King's Landing]] is armed with iron cudgels.{{ref|ACOK|3}}
* '''Longbow''': The longbow is cut from a single piece of wood approximately six feet long, and when drawn back to the chin or ear will have a draw-weight of upwards of 100lb, sufficient to carry a shaft 250 yards or so, even to drive one through plate armour at very close range. Longbows will be used by most of the armies (and indeed unless someone is specifically mentioned as carrying a crossbow it can be safely assumed that all archers are longbowmen).
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* The [[w:Mace (bludgeon)|mace]], a blunt crushing weapon designed to smash armor, consists of a heavy head of stone or metal set upon a wooden or metal shaft. Many warriors wield spiked maces,{{ref|AGOT|71}}{{ref|ACOK|26}}{{ref|THK}} and blunted maces can be used in [[tourney]]s.{{ref|AFFC|9}}
* '''Bow, Double-Curved or Recurved''': This small bow is double-curved and made from laminated horn, wood, or bone (hence it is also called a "Composite Bow" sometimes). Double-curved bows are mostly favoured in Dorne, but they can be found in many places throughout the world. The [[Dothraki]] especially favor them, alongside the [[Dornishmen]]. Double-curved bows can be fired from horseback (primarily to lay an arrow storm, rather than pick individuals), and can achieve draw-weights comparable to longbows.
 
* '''Crossbow''': Crossbows are shorter bows that shoot bolts or quarrels. There is a stock attached to the bow with a mechanical assist to draw the bowstring. Due to its shorter draw, the crossbow requires a higher draw weight to give the same amount of energy as a conventional bow. The drawing mechanism can be a stirrup with a winch or a crank. The [[Myr]]ish produce ungainly crossbows capable of firing three quarrels at a time. {{Ref|aCoK|25}}
 
  
====Spears====
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===Flails===
* '''Spear''': A simple weapon used for hunting and combat, comprising a wooden shaft up to 10 feet long tipped with a relatively small head of iron or steel. It can be used for individual combat.
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* A [[w:Flail (weapon)|flail]] is a military cousin to the farmer's tool. A warrior's flail is a length of chain attached to a rod. At the end of the chain is a heavy metal head.
* '''Pike''': A pike is a longer spear, normally 10-15 feet long. This weapon is characteristic of the Northern armies in particular and is used by large bodies of infantry operating together either to push through or over opposing infantry or hold off cavalry.{{Ref|aGoT|53}}
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* A morningstar is a spiked ball swung on a chain.{{ref|AGOT|31}}{{ref|AGOT|62}}{{Ref|AFFC|20}}{{ref|THK}} In real life, a [[w:morning star (weapon)|morning star]] is a weapon with a spiked ball atop a shaft, without the chain.
* '''Spear, Boar''': A short version of the spear, the boar spear features a large blade and has a cross-piece just behind the head to prevent it from penetrating too deeply. Sometimes favoured by infantry officers it is as the name indicates primarily a hunting weapon <!-- "led" to Robert Baratheon death -->
 
* '''Spear, Frog''': A weapon used by the [[Crannogmen]], these small spears end in three prongs and are primarily used for hunting frogs and other small prey in the Neck, but they can just as easily be adapted to fight men. Frog spears can also be thrown.
 
* '''Flail''': A military cousin to the farmer’s tool, a warrior’s flail is a length of chain attached to a rod. At the end of the chain is a heavy metal head, either blunt like a mace or spiked like a morning star.
 
* '''Morningstar''': Cousin to the flail and ball and chain, a morningstar is a length of chain connected to a rod at one end and bears a spiked ball at the other.
 
  
====Misc====
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===Projectiles===
* '''Dagger''': A long knife used to stab and pierce, often carried as a tool as much as a weapon.
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[[File:T Jedruszek IslandDefenders.jpg|thumb|Island defenders, by Tomasz Jedruszek © Fantasy Flight Games]]
* '''Dirk''': A dagger designed for combat with a straight, narrow blade, often used in the off-hand to complement a primary weapon.{{Ref|aGoT|Prologue}}
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====Bows and Arrows====
* '''Net''': Made of strong rope, a net is typically a tool to catch fish or birds. Some people have adapted them for fighting, such as the [[crannogmen]] from the Neck, who use them to ensnare opponents or entangle weapons.{{Ref|aCoK|21}}
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* [[w:bow and arrow|Bows]] in the [[Seven Kingdoms]] are made from wood, though bows from other lands may be made from laminated horn or bone.{{Ref|aCoK|68}} Bows are difficult to use while mounted and cannot normally be used with any accuracy if the mount is moving.
* '''Peasant Tool''': Peasants rarely could afford traditional weapons and generally fought with what was at hand: sticks, clubs, tools or their bare hands, those weapons are of poor quality.
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* The [[w:longbow|longbow]] is a tall{{ref|ASOS|33}} bow from seasoned wood.{{ref|ASOS|22}} Longbows are used by most armies, and they can be fired more frequently than crossbows.{{ref|ASOS|55}} Great bows of [[goldenheart]] are especially favored.{{ref|AFFC|Prologue}}{{ref|ADWD|61}} The [[Night's Watch]] use great yew longbows.{{ref|ASOS|64}}
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* The [[free folk]] use short bows of horn and wood, including [[weirwood]],{{ref|ASOS|15}} but they are outdistanced by longbows.{{ref|ASOS|64}}
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* A [[w:recurve bow|recurve bow]] or double-curved bow is usually smaller than a longbow, although double-curved bows of [[dragonbone]] can be tall.{{ref|AGOT|11}} [[Dornishmen]] are skilled with using double-curved bows on horseback.{{ref|ASOS|38}} Bows of bone and sinew are popular in [[Essos]]{{ref|ADWD|61}} and by [[Slavery|slavers]].{{ref|TWOIAF|Beyond the Free Cities: The Summer Isles}}
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* The [[Dothraki]] wield great bows.{{ref|ASOS|27}}{{ref|TWOIAF|Beyond the Free Cities: The Grasslands}} Even on horseback their bows can outrange those of [[Westeros]].{{ref|AGOT|36}}
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* The [[goldenheart]] great bows used by [[Summer Isles|Summer Islanders]] can penetrate plate.{{ref|TWOIAF|Beyond the Free Cities: The Summer Isles}}
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* [[w:crossbow|Crossbows]] are shorter bows that shoot bolts or quarrels. There is a stock attached to the bow with a mechanical assist to draw the bowstring. Due to its shorter draw, the crossbow requires a higher draw weight to give the same amount of energy as a conventional bow. The drawing mechanism can be a stirrup with a winch or a crank. The [[Myr]]ish produce ungainly crossbows capable of firing three quarrels at a time.{{Ref|aCoK|25}} Since crossbows require less training than bows,{{ref|AFFC|20}}{{ref|AFFC|37}} some consider it to be a coward's weapon.{{ref|ASOS|11}}
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* Arrowheads are normally available both as broadheads with a sharp cutting edge and barbs at the rear for less protected targets{{Ref|aGoT|37}} and bodkins which will penetrate plate.{{Ref|aSoS|39}}
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*[[Crannogmen]] are known to use arrows with [[poison]]ed shafts and arrowheads covered with feces.{{ref|acok|50}}{{ref|AFFC|18}}{{ref|ADWD|20}}
  
* '''Lance, War''': A weapon of [[knight]]s and heavy cavalry, lances are normally 8-10 feet long, made of turned ash, and banded to prevent splitting. The lance is tipped with a sharpened steel point and is normally used for a single charge before becoming too unwieldy in close combat.
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====Other Projectiles====
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* Throwing knifes can be used.{{ref|ASOS|74}}{{ref|AFFC|21}}
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* [[Dornishmen]] utilize throwing spears.{{ref|ASOS|38}}
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* [[w:Sling (weapon)|Slings]] are used to throw projectiles at enemies. [[Northern mountain clans]]men sling stones,{{ref|ADWD|17}} while the [[Tolos]]i are deadly with soft lead balls.{{ref|ADWD|47}}
  
* '''Lance, Tourney''': [[Tourney]] lances are longer and more fragile than their battlefield cousins. Their tips are blunted to better unhorse an opponent without causing serious harm, and they are unbanded, meaning that they will often break upon impact. A tourney lance is normally 12-14 feet long{{ref|THK|56}} and may be made from a prettier wood, such as golden wood from the [[Summer Isles]]. {{ref|aGoT|30| 261}}{{ref|aFfC|Prologue|6}}
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===Spears===
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[[File:111 Spear-Phalanx-Diego-Gisbert-final.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Dornish]] spear phalanx, by Diego Gisbert © Fantasy Flight Games]]
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* The [[w:spear|spear]] is a simple weapon used for hunting and combat, comprising a wooden shaft up to ten feet long tipped with a relatively small head of iron or steel.
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* A [[w:pike (weapon)|pike]] is a longer spear, normally ten to fifteen feet long. This weapon is used by large bodies of infantry operating together either to push through or over opposing infantry or hold off cavalry.{{Ref|aGoT|53}}
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* A [[w:boar spear|boar spear]] is a spear used in the hunting of [[boar]]. While real life boar spears are shorter than standard spears, King [[Robert I Baratheon]] uses a great spear when he hunts.{{ref|AGOT|47}}
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*A [[w:trident|trident]] is a three-pronged spear. They are popular in the [[White Harbor]] area.{{ref|AGOT|55}}{{ref|ADWD|19}}
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* A frog spear is a trident used by [[crannogmen]]. These slender spears are primarily used for hunting small prey like frogs and fish in the [[Neck]],{{ref|ACOK|28}}{{ref|ASOS|24}}{{ref|ADWD|4}} but crannogmen also use them in combination with a woven [[w:Net (device)|net]] for combat.{{ref|ASOS|9}}
  
* '''Khukuri Knife''': A weapon of Nepalese origin used in the Middle to Far East. It is made of varying grades of steel. It is most recognizable for its inward bending cutting edge. This aggressive design helps the combatant in close quarters combat (CQC). A Khukuri style knife is seen in the Blackwater episode of season 2 of GoT. It is carried by Bronn at his lower back during the bar scene with the Hound.
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===Other Weapons===
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* The [[w:war hammer|warhammer]] is usually about the same length as a mace, though they can be much longer. The head is made of hardened steel that has a long spike to one side and a small mace-like counterweight on the other. Warhammers are good for piercing armor, or hooking the enemies' reins or shields.
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* [[w:whip|Whips]] are used as weapons by some [[Dothraki]]{{ref|AGOT|23}} and [[Dornishmen]].{{ref|AFFC|2}}
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* [[w:caltrop|Caltrops]] are sharp items which are placed on the ground to slow an enemy's infantry or cavalry.{{ref|ACOK|34}}{{ref|ACOK|39}} The Night's Watch uses spiked steel caltrops.{{ref|ASOS|64}}
  
 
===Special Items===
 
===Special Items===
* '''Bronze Armor''': A relic of the [[Age of Heroes]], although not as good as modern armor, several sets of ancient plate armor are enscribed with runes that are thought to make their wearers immune to injury. like the set the [[House Royce]] posses.
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* [[Dragonglass]] is a volcanic material that can be fractured to create sharp knife blades or arrowheads. The [[children of the forest]] used knives, leaf-shaped spear heads, and arrows made of obsidian.{{ref|AGOT|66}}{{ref|ACOK|34}}{{ref|AFFC|Prologue}}
* '''[[Dragonglass]]''': Volcanic material that can be fractured to create sharp knife blades or arrowheads, one of the few known weaknesses of the [[Others]].
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* [[Dragonbone]] bows are highly sought after as they can fire arrows over a much farther range than normal wooden bows They are especially prized by the Dothraki.{{ref|AGOT|13}}
* '''[[Dragonbone]]''': Dragonbone bows are highly sought after as they can fire arrows over a much farther range than normal wooden bows and especially prized by the Dothraki.
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* [[Weirwood]] is valued because it does not rot,{{ref|ADWD|48}} and [[goldenheart]] is a prized wood from the [[Summer Isles]].{{ref|AFFC|Prologue}}
* '''[[Valyrian steel|Valyrian Steel]]''': Although extremely rare, thousands of Valyrian steel weapons survived the [[Doom of Valyria]], perhaps two hundred or more being in the [[Seven Kingdoms]]. Most Valyrian steel weapons are storied and highly prized, considered priceless by even impoverished houses, a minor lord is far more willing to sell off a daughter than a family weapon.
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* Things made of [[Valyrian steel]] are light{{ref|ACOK|13}} and nigh indestructible.{{ref|AFFC|5}} Blades of Valyrian steel are deadly sharp,{{ref|ASOS|59}} but the spell-forged{{ref|AFFC|5}} steel has become rare after the [[Doom of Valyria]].{{ref|TWOIAF|Ancient History: Valyria's Children}} Some claim to still know the [[magic|spells]] that must be used to rework Valyrian steel, and some master armorers have revealed their ability to properly reforge it. {{ref|AGOT|27}}{{ref|ASOS|32}} <ref>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1153/ Producing Valyrian Steel], March 11, 2001</ref>
 
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* [[Wildfire]] is a volatile and flammable liquid.{{ref|ACOK|20}}
See also [[:Category:Swords|List of known Valyrian and famous Swords]]
 
  
==Armour==
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===Siege Weapons===
Armour in [[Seven Kingdoms]] is commonly forged from iron and steel. Occasionally one may find an ancient piece of armour forged from bronze, but that is a great rarity today. Advanced full plate and scale armour, made of relatively light weight steel is also available to those with the proper funds. Additional ornamentation can be quite elaborate. common methods involve paints, enamels, or bluing the steel. A truly skilled blacksmith, however, can work colour into the metal itself to ensure that it does not chip or flake off. Such work is expensive and can be afforded only by the nobility. In the real world, the technological level is comparable to the late medieval and early renaissance, which is quite advanced "for the time" in Westeros.
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[[File:Ben Zweifel Battering Ram.png|300px|thumb|right|A battering ram, by Ben Zweifel © Fantasy Flight Games]]
  
The most effective, and expensive, armor is plate armour, which consists of a number of shaped plates of steel fitted to the body. Plate is normally worn over chainmail and an undercoat padded leather. Those who cannot afford plate may wear chainmail and leather, and this coverage still provides good protection. It is also common to wear only partial plate; a plate helm, for example, is common, as are breastplates and gorgets. Scale armour is also known but considerably less common. Armour made of boiled leather is sometimes worn by itself, particularly by scouts and levied men-at-arms. While better than nothing, it cannot stop an on-target sword blow, whereas plate armour can.
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* [[w:Escalade|Scaling ladders]] are used by attackers against walls or ramparts.
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* Wooden [[w:battering ram|battering rams]] are used to break through gates.{{ref|ASOS|57}} [[Turtle (siege engine)|Turtles]] can be used to protect rams from defenders.
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* A [[w:siege tower|siege tower]] is a tall wheeled siege engine which can be protected with rawhide.{{ref|ASOS|22}}{{ref|AFFC|33}}
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* [[w:catapult|Catapults]] are ballistic weapons which launch projectiles like stones. They can be used by besiegers to attack fortifications{{ref|ACOK|31}} or by defenders on walls.{{ref|AGOT|19}} They can be placed on the decks of ships.{{ref|ACOK|58}}
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* [[Trebuchet]]s are catapults with throwing arms.{{ref|ACOK|49}} [[w:Mangonel|Mangonels]] are a type of trebuchet.{{ref|ACOK|22}}
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* [[w:Scorpio (weapon)|Scorpions]] are wood-and-iron weapons{{ref|ACOK|26}} which can launch heavy stones,{{ref|ACOK|46}} yard-long iron-headed shafts,{{ref|ACOK|57}} and fire spears.{{ref|ASOS|64}} Scorpions can be used from ships.{{ref|ACOK|58}} [[Meraxes]]{{ref|FAB|Reign of the Dragon|The Wars of King Aegon I}} and [[Stormcloud]]{{ref|FAB|The Dying of the Dragons - The Red Dragon and the Gold}} were [[dragon]]s brought down by scorpion bolts.
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* [[w:flamethrower|Spitfires]] are devices which expel flame.{{ref|ACOK|58}}
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* [[w:mantlet|Mantlets]] are large portable shields used for protection against projectiles.{{ref|ASOS|69}}{{ref|ASOS|71}}
 +
* [[w:barge|Barges]] can be used to transport armies on rivers.{{ref|ACOK|56}}
  
Plate armor is more common in the [[Reach]], while mail is more the rule in the [[North]], and the [[wildlings]] beyond the Wall are much more primitively armored.<ref>[http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1250/ SSM]</ref>
+
==Armor==
 +
Armor in [[Seven Kingdoms]] is commonly forged from iron and steel. The style of armor is most reminiscent of the [[w:Hundred Years' War|Hundred Years' War]], but [[George R. R. Martin]] also looked back to the [[w:Crusades|Crusades]].<ref name=YMQ>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1250/ Yet More Questions], July 22, 2001</ref> Occasionally one may find an ancient piece of armor forged from bronze, but that is a great rarity today. Advanced full plate and scale armor, made of relatively light weight steel, is also available to those with the proper funds.
  
 +
Additional ornamentation can be quite elaborate. Common methods involve paints, enamels, or bluing the steel. A truly skilled blacksmith, however, can work color into the metal itself to ensure that it does not chip or flake off. Such work is expensive and can be afforded only by the nobility.
  
===Known Armour Types===
+
The most effective, and expensive, armor is plate armor, which consists of a number of shaped plates of steel fitted to the body. Plate is normally worn over chainmail and an undercoat padded leather. Those who cannot afford plate may wear chainmail and leather, and this coverage still provides good protection. It is also common to wear only partial plate; a plate helm, for example, is common, as are breastplates and gorgets. Scale armor is also known but considerably less common. Armor made of boiled leather is sometimes worn by itself, particularly by scouts and levied men-at-arms. While better than nothing, it cannot stop an on-target sword blow, whereas plate armor can.
[[File:Plate armor.png|thumb|Plate armour schematic]]
 
  
* '''Padded armour''': Made of leather or canvas, which has been stuffed with cloth. This can be worn by itself, often called a gambeson, but is essential when wearing mail in order to absorb blows more readily.{{Ref|aGoT|26}}
+
Plate armor is more common in southern regions like the [[Reach]], while mail is more the rule in the [[north]]. The [[free folk]] who live [[beyond the Wall]] are more primitively armored.<ref name=YMQ/> [[Dornishmen]] use a lot of [[copper]] armor for ornamental purposes, as it shines in the [[sun]].<ref>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1226 Ibben and Armor], November 09, 2002</ref> A new hauberk of mail, gorget, greaves, and greathelm made by a good smith can cost eight hundred [[currency|silver stags]].{{Ref|THK}} Sailors clad themselves lightly in armor to avoid drowning.{{ref|AFFC|29}}
* '''Boiled leather armour''': Used by GRRM to denote thick leather, boiled in water, and usually worn under mail. In reality such leather would be dressed with oil to retain its flexibility. Boiled leather will set very hard and was moulded into rounded pieces to protect shoulders, elbows and knees before the ready advent of plate armour.{{Ref|aCoK|31}}
 
* '''Brigandine''': Also known as ''Jack'', is a cloth garment, generally canvas or leather, lined with small oblong steel plates riveted to the fabric. Commonly worn by: freeriders, mounted bowmen, and men-at-arms. (III: 841. IV: 133)
 
* '''Hauberk''': A chainmail shirt, the hauberk includes sleeves and can extend as low as the knees. The hauberk is typically constructed of interlocking whoops of metal sewn into a shirt or a tunic. The sleeves of a hauberk often reach the elbow, though the sleeve length varies. The hauberk tends to be made of iron rings, and is generally worn over a padded undercoat, or boiled leather.{{Ref|aGoT|15}}
 
* '''Byrnie''': Made of chainmail.  Byrnies are generally distinguished from hauberks by their sleeve length (a byrnie has only short sleeves).  There are doubts about the exact definition (and length) of a historical byrnie, but both in Westeros and in history byrnies are some variety of armor jacket or a shirt.  Oberyn Martell's is specifically described as chainmail.{{Ref|aSoS|70}}
 
* '''Scale armor''': A garment with hundreds of small plates stitched and riveted onto it.{{Ref|aGoT|15}}
 
* '''Heavy plate armor''': Worn over mail and a padded surcoat. Large rondels protect the juncture of arm and breast.{{Ref|aGoT|40}} The vulnerable points are at the less protected joints, places at elbows, knees, and beneath the arms.{{Ref|aSoS|70}}
 
  
 +
[[File:Plate armor.png|thumb|Plate armor schematic]]
  
 +
===Armor Types===
 +
* Padded armor is made of leather or canvas which has been stuffed with cloth. This can be worn by itself, often called a [[w:gambeson|gambeson]], but is essential when wearing mail in order to absorb blows more readily.{{Ref|aGoT|26}}
 +
* [[w:boiled leather|Boiled leather]] is a thick leather, boiled in water, and usually worn under mail. Such leather is dressed with oil to retain its flexibility. Boiled leather set very hard and can be moulded into rounded pieces to protect shoulders, elbows and knees.{{Ref|aCoK|31}} Most freeriders use boiled leather.{{ref|ACOK|31}}
 +
* A [[w:brigandine|brigandine]] or jack is a cloth garment, generally canvas or leather, lined with small oblong steel plates riveted to the fabric.
 +
* A [[w:hauberk|hauberk]] is a [[w:chain mail|chainmail]] shirt which includes sleeves and can extend as low as the knees. The hauberk is typically constructed of interlocking whoops of metal sewn into a shirt or a tunic. The sleeves of a hauberk often reach the elbow, though the sleeve length varies. The hauberk tends to be made of iron rings, and is generally worn over a padded undercoat, or boiled leather.{{Ref|aGoT|15}}
 +
* A byrnie is also made of chainmail. Byrnies are generally distinguished from hauberks by their sleeve length, as a byrnie has only short sleeves. There are doubts about the exact definition (and length) of a historical byrnie, but both in Westeros and in history byrnies are some variety of armor jacket or a shirt. While the [[First Men]] of antiquity wore byrnies of bronze scales,{{ref|TWOIAF|The Vale}} modern Westerosi wear mail byrnies.{{ref|ASOS|70}}{{ref|ADWD|12}}
 +
* [[w:scale armour|Scale armor]] is a garment with hundreds of small plates stitched and riveted onto it.{{Ref|aGoT|15}}
 +
* [[w:plate armour|Plate armor]] is worn over mail and a padded surcoat. Large rondels protect the juncture of arm and breast.{{Ref|aGoT|40}} The vulnerable points are at the less protected joints, places at elbows, knees, and beneath the arms.{{Ref|aSoS|70}}
  
====Specific parts====
+
===Headwear===
* '''Greathelm''': simple cylinder with a flat top and sometimes rounded top to better deflect blows.{{ref|agot|61|page 556}}<ref>[[The Hedge Knight]] page 481</ref> It has small slits for eyes and breathing/ventilation{{Ref|aGoT|31}}, that impedes sight and breathing, mostly used by knight's during the "clash of lances".
+
* A [[w:great helm|greathelm]] is a cylindrical helm which protects the warrior's head. It has small slits for eyes and breathing and ventilation,{{Ref|aGoT|31}}, but they can impede sight and breathing. Greathelms can have flat tops{{ref|ACOK|61}} or be rounded to better deflect blows.{{Ref|THK}} Some nobles decorate the crests of their greathelms.{{ref|AGOT|62}}{{ref|ACOK|45}}
* '''Halfhelm''': A round helm covering the top of the head, often incorporating a nasal guard.{{Ref|aGoT|40}}
+
* A [[w:nasal helmet|halfhelm]] is a round helm covering the top of the head, often incorporating a nasal guard.{{Ref|aGoT|40}}<ref name=YMQ/>
 +
* A [[w:kettle hat|kettle helm]]{{Ref|aSoS|73}} or pothelm{{ref|ACOK|11}} is made of metal in the shape of a brimmed hat, resembling a cooking pot.
 +
* A [[w:bascinet|bascinet]] is an open-faced helm.{{ref|TMK}}
 +
* [[w:Cervelliere|Steel caps]] are often worn by guardsmen.{{ref|AGOT|27}}{{ref|AGOT|50}}{{ref|FAB|The Dying of the Dragons - Rhaenyra Overthrown}} Some men-at-arms wear [[w:Spangenhelm|conical steel caps]].{{ref|AGOT|31}} The [[Unsullied]] wear spiked caps.{{ref|ASOS|23}}
 +
* [[w:mail coif|Mail coif]] is a hood of chainmail.{{ref|AGOT|40}}
 +
* [[Dornishmen]] wind scarfs around their helmets to prevent sunstroke.{{ref|ASOS|38}}
 +
* Some warriors wear fantastical helms,<ref name=YMQ/> such as the [[lion]] helmet of [[Jaime Lannister]],{{ref|AGOT|30}} the [[hound]] helm of [[Sandor Clegane]],{{ref|AGOT|9}} and the [[unicorn|horsehead]] helm of Ser [[Flement Brax]].{{ref|AGOT|56}}
  
<gallery>
+
<gallery caption="Types of Helms" mode="packed" style="border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; background-color: #f8f9fa;">
 
File:Steel_cap.png | Halfhelm
 
File:Steel_cap.png | Halfhelm
 
File:Bassinet without visor.png | A visorless helmet
 
File:Bassinet without visor.png | A visorless helmet
Line 108: Line 140:
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
* '''Gorget''': A Steel collar that protects the neck.{{Ref|aGoT|40}}
+
===Other Armor Components===
* '''Rondels''': A Circular piece of metal used for protection of vulnerabel points, typically used to cover the juncture of arm and breast.{{Ref|aGoT|40}}
+
[[File:Northmen reading for battle.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Northmen]] readying for battle, from ''[[Game of Thrones]]'' Blu-ray]]
* '''Gloves''': Protective covering for hands.{{Ref|aGoT|35}} Made of leather, or mail to offer additional protection.{{Ref|aGoT|63}}
+
* The [[w:breastplate|breastplate]] protects the torso from injury. Nobles sometimes decorate their breastplates.{{ref|AGOT|4}}{{ref|AGOT|34}}{{ref|AGOT|39}}
* '''Gauntlets''': Large metal gloves that cover the hand from fingers to forearm, generally made of steel plate.
+
* A [[w:gorget|gorget]] is a steel collar that protects the neck.{{Ref|aGoT|40}}
* '''Skirts''': A metal skirt designed to protect the upper legs and lower torso. Generally covers the body from waist to midthigh.{{Ref|aGoT|40}}<!--made of lobstered metal. Wtf is lobstered?! -->
+
* [[w:rondel (armour)|Rondels]] are circular pieces of metal used for the protection of vulnerable points. They typically cover the junctures of arm and breast.{{Ref|aGoT|40}}
* '''Greaves''': Greaves cover the lower legs.{{Ref|aGoT|35}}
+
* [[w:glove|Gloves]] are protective coverings for hands.{{Ref|aGoT|35}} They are often made of leather or mail to offer additional protection,{{Ref|aGoT|63}} and iron discs can be sewn into the fingers.{{ref|AGOT|40}}
* '''Schynbalds''': Plate that covers only the shins, not the whole lower leg.{{Ref|aGoT|40}}
+
* [[w:gauntlet (glove)|Gauntlets]] are large metal gloves that cover the hand from fingers to forearm. They are generally made of steel plate.
* '''Boots''': Boots are generally made of leather, but the ones worn by knights are made of metal to provide protection.{{Ref|aGoT|62}}
+
* Metal skirts are designed to protect the upper legs and lower torso. They generally cover the body from waist to mid thigh.{{Ref|aGoT|40}}
* '''Spurs''': Tools worn on the heel of the boots, used to direct a [[horse]].
+
* [[w:greave|Greaves]] cover the lower legs.{{Ref|aGoT|35}}
* '''Cuirass''': A piece of solid plate armor worn over the chest and back, tightened at the sides. It is forged from steel, iron or bronze. It is a vital piece of defensive equipment worn by most knights and highborn combatants. Notably, Queen [[Cersei]] is seen wearing a cuirass during the battle of [[Blackwater (TV)|Blackwater]] episode of [[Game of Thrones]] [[Game of Thrones - Season 2|Season 2]]. Hers appears to be gilded and more ceremonial in nature, as fits a woman of her status.
+
* [[w:boot|Boots]] are generally made of leather, but the ones worn by knights are made of metal to provide protection.{{Ref|aGoT|62}} Some leather boots can have steel shinguards.{{ref|AGOT|40}} [[w:spur|Spurs]] are worn on the heel of boots to direct a [[horse]].
 
+
* [[w:Spaulder|Spaulders]] and [[w:pauldron|pauldrons]] protect the wearer's shoulders.{{ref|ASOS|70}}{{ref|AFFC|38}}
====Shields====
+
* [[w:vambrace|Vambraces]] are tubular protection for the forearm.{{ref|ACOK|47}}
Westeros has a varied collection of Shields, from simple Wooden Shields, which are light, easy to use but don't provide much protection, to heavy triangular shields, almost four feet tall, made of heavy oak and studded with iron.{{Ref|aGoT|40}} Stretching layers of hardened leather over the shields{{Ref|aGoT|26}} and adding metal thin strips for reinforcements{{Ref|aGoT|62}} improve durability and protection, without adding much weight. In Dorne and probably in Braavos small light weight round metal shields called bucklers are used. This is about the size of a plate and held in the left hand to parry sword blows in fencing.
+
* [[w:Couter|Couters]] and [[w:poleyn|poleyns]] are worn over elbows{{ref|TMK}} and knees,{{ref|ASOS|38}} respectively.
 
+
* The [[w:codpiece|codpiece]] protects the wearer's groin.{{ref|AGOT|50}}{{ref|ASOS|70}}{{ref|THK}}
Kite shields, considered old-fashioned since the Conquest, carried by the [[Warrior's Sons]].{{ref|affc|36|page 536}}
+
* A [[w:doublet (clothing)|doublet]] is a close-fitting man's jacket often worn under other attire, such as hauberks or jerkins. Padded doublets can provide some protection.{{ref|AGOT|26}} Nobles often have their [[heraldry|arms]] embroidered on their doublets.{{ref|AGOT|7}}{{ref|AGOT|20}}{{ref|AFFC|27}}
 
+
* [[w:Jerkins|Jerkins]] are another type of jacket which can be worn over doublets. Leather jerkins are often worn by archers.{{ref|AGOT|62}}{{ref|ACOK|38}} Jerkins can be studded with iron,{{ref|ACOK|31}}{{ref|ACOK|50}} silver,{{ref|ASOS|66}} bronze,{{ref|ADWD|31}} or have overlapping iron discs.{{ref|ACOK|46}} [[Crannogmen]] might wear jerkins with bronze scales.{{ref|ACOK|1}} Less protective jerkins might be made from doeskin{{ref|ASOS|22}}{{ref|ASOS|32}} or sheepskin.{{ref|ASOS|33}} Jerkins can be sleeveless.{{ref|AGOT|70}}{{ref|AFFC|18}}
====Costs==== <!--shouldnt be here-->
+
* A [[w:surcoat|surcoat]] is a coat worn over armor or other clothes. Nobles also often have their [[heraldry|arms]] depicted on their surcoats.{{ref|AGOT|7}}{{ref|AGOT|26}}{{ref|ACOK|63}}{{ref|AFFC|14}}
* A new hauberk of mail, gorget, greaves, and greathelm made by a good smith can cost 800 silver stags <ref>[[The Hedge Knight]] page 466</ref>
 
 
 
==War Horses & Transportation==
 
{{See also|Horse{{!}}Horse types}}
 
 
 
* '''Destrier''': Destriers are tall, strong, splendid animals and are often high spirited. Destriers give knights a majestic air at tournaments. They are normally the most valuable type of horse, being well bred and highly trained. Some even consider them too valuable to risk in war thus the courser is the preferred mount for fighting. <!-- Jaime rode one when he was captured by Robb Stark's forces, but that must be considered an eccentricity of the showy young man, much like his golden armor -->
 
* '''Courser''': Lighter than a destrier and less costly, coursers are still beautiful animals. Coursers are also strong and fast. <!--Tommen had one, Lord Beric mentioned that the Brotherhood's enemies often had them-->
 
* '''Garron''': North of the Wall, Garrons are the only reasonable choice of horse (although other, rarer horselike animals might perhaps exist). Both the Night Watch and its enemies use them in considerable numbers, both for riding and carrying cargo. Among horses, garrons are notable for their capability to deal with irregular terrain and cold temperatures.
 
* '''Rounsey''': Lowest of all is the rounsey, a strong and capable steed of no particular breeding. Although rounseys are perfectly capable war horses, they are relegated to hedge knights, squires, and non-knightly men-at-arms. Rounsey are common riding horses and may also be used as pack animals. <!-- Brienne runs into someone riding a piebald rounsey -->
 
* '''[[Dornish sand steed|Sand Steed]]''': Smaller than normal warhorses and cannot bear the weight of the armor a warhorse usually wears. They are able to run for a day and a half before tiring
 
 
 
====Mounts and pack animals====
 
* '''Mule''': A hardy pack animal, used for light transport. Remarkable capability for dealing with irregular terrain. <!-- Used in the Eyrie by Mia Stone --> <!-- And by the Night's Watch over the Wall, especially trained at Eastwatch -->
 
* '''Oxen''': A hardy pack animal, used for heavy transport.
 
 
 
==Siege Weapons==
 
Besieging armies use a wide variety of siege engines such as: scaling ladders, battering rams on wheels, wheeled siege towers covered in rawhide and various types of catapults, trebuchets, mangonels, spitfires, and scorpions. Some are mounted on warships. {{Ref|aCoK|22}}
 
 
 
Scorpions and spitfires are used in the defense of a city.{{Ref|aCoK|17}} Steel caltrops are used in warfare and the defense of encampments, and can be flung with trebuchets at enemies (II: 375. III: 721) Scorpions shoot out yard-long iron-headed shafts{{Ref|aCoK|57}} and can be prepared with fire, making fire spears{{Ref|aSoS|64}}, Additionally Iron spikes may be set underwater to hamper crossings.{{Ref|aCoK|39}}
 
 
 
 
 
* '''Battering rams''', Wooden turtles on wheels, often covered with hide to protect them from fire, can be used for sieges to protect men assaulting a gate.{{Ref|aSoS|57}}{{Ref|aSoS|69}}
 
* '''[[Trebuchet]]s''' such as the [[Three Whores]]
 
 
 
==Tactics==
 
[[File:Bannermen sketch i by tribemun.jpg|thumb|300px|[[House Stark|Stark]][[House Greyjoy|Greyjoy]] Bannermen sketches by Tribemun©]]
 
[[File:Bannermen sketch ii by tribemun.jpg|thumb|300px|[[House Tully|Tully]][[House Lannister|Lannister]] Bannermen sketches by Tribemun©]]
 
[[File:Free Folk by Mike S Miller.jpg|thumb|300px|Free Folk by Mike S Miller ©]]
 
 
 
===Westeros===
 
====Infantry====
 
====Archers==== <!-- Rewrite-->
 
* Skilled archers can shoot a small target accurately at 100 paces.{{Ref|aGoT|30}} In battle however they normally tried to create what was called an arrow storm, shooting as many arrows as possible into the air as quickly as possible to drop them on to large bodies of enemy troops rather than shoot at individuals.
 
* Dothraki bows supposedly outrange those of the Seven Kingdoms, but this remains to be tested.{{Ref|aGoT|36}}
 
* Arrowheads are normally available both as broadheads with a sharp cutting edge and barbs at the rear for "soft" targets{{Ref|aGoT|37}} and bodkins which will penetrate mail.{{Ref|aSoS|39}}. Except at very close range arrows will not normally penetrate plate armour, but crossbow bolts will do so easily.
 
* The double-curved [[goldenheart]] bows used by Summer Islanders are said to be able send a shaft four hundred yards {{ref|affc|35|page 523}}
 
* Archers might smear their arrows with night soil to try and ensure that they poison those they wound, but many arrow wounds will become infected simply because when shooting quickly to create an arrow storm archers would stick their shafts in the ground rather than drawing them from their belt.{{ref|affc|38|page 566}}
 
 
 
====Cavalry====
 
 
 
Cavalry figure prominently in the story and a good mediaeval model for Westerosi troops raised between the Neck and the Dornish Marches is provided by a 1364 muster of the troops belonging to the Duchy of Burgundy (the original French one before it expanded):
 
 
 
The troops comprised one chevalier banneret - in Westerosi terms a sworn bannerman
 
 
 
134 chevaliers/knights
 
 
 
105 ecuyers/squires
 
 
 
19 mounted archers
 
 
 
1 trumpeter
 
 
 
1 farrier
 
  
The only infantry were those 19 archers who rode horses to keep up with the rest on the march but dismounted to shoot.
+
===Shields===
 +
[[File:Bannermen sketch i by tribemun.jpg|thumb|300px|[[House Stark|Stark]] and [[House Greyjoy|Greyjoy]] bannermen sketches by Tribemun ©]]
 +
Since [[w:round shield|round shields]] are specifically observed by some [[POV characters]], the typical [[Westeros]]i shield would appear to be a [[w:heater shield|heater shield]]. Although in real life knights rarely used shields alongside full plate armor, Martin has Westerosi knights utilize shields for aesthetic purposes.<ref name=YMQ/> [[Heraldry|Coats of arms]] are typically depicted on shields.
 +
* Shields made of pine and linden are inexpensive and lightweight, and an enemy's weapon can catch in pine.{{ref|AFFC|9}}{{ref|AFFC|29}} Wooden shields can be used for practice.{{ref|ACOK|30}} The [[Summer Isles|Summer Islanders]] use wooden shields.{{ref|TWOIAF|Beyond the Free Cities: The Summer Isle}}
 +
* Shields of wood banded with iron are more durable.{{ref|AGOT|26}}{{ref|AGOT|53}} [[Oak]] shields offer significant protection if the wielder is strong.{{ref|AFFC|9}} Tall triangular shields of heavy oak dotted with iron studs offer a great deal of protection, but they can be taxing to use.{{ref|AGOT|40}}
 +
* The [[Kingsguard]] use heavy oaken shields,{{ref|AFFC|21}} and spearmen sometimes wield tall oaken shields in their [[w:shield wall|shield walls]].{{ref|AGOT|62}} The [[lockstep legions]] of the [[Old Empire of Ghis]] used tall shields and three spears.{{ref|TWOIAF|Ancient History: The Rise of Valyria}}
 +
* Leather shields are more likely to be used by rabble.{{ref|AFFC|25}}
 +
* Round leathern shields are used by [[free folk]]{{ref|ASOS|55}} and [[crannogmen]].{{ref|ACOK|21}} Free folk stretch leather over wicker.{{ref|ACOK|68}}
 +
* [[Thenns]] use shields of black boiled leather with bronze rims and bosses.{{ref|ASOS|55}}
 +
* [[Dornishmen]] carry round shields{{ref|ASOS|38}} of metal, like steel{{ref|ASOS|70}} or steel and copper.{{ref|AFFC|2}}
 +
* [[w:Kite shield|Kite shields]] are a style considered old-fashioned since [[Aegon's Conquest]],{{ref|AFFC|36}} although they are used on occasion,{{ref|TSS}}{{ref|TMK}} particularly by the [[Warrior's Sons]].{{ref|AFFC|36}}
 +
* [[Ibbenese]] use shaggy brown shields.{{ref|ASOS|39}}
 +
* The [[Rhoynar]] of old used [[turtle]]-shell shields.{{ref|TWOIAF|Ancient History: Ten Thousand Ships}}
  
====Light cavalry====
+
==Animals==
Light cavalry consisted usually of lighter armed and armoured men, who could have lances, javelins or missile weapons, such as bows. they tend to be in leather and mail.{{Ref|aGoT|59}}
+
===Horses===
Light cavalry was used as scouts, outriders, skirmishers or outflankers. Many countries developed their own styles of light cavalry, such as [[Dothraki]] and [[Dornishmen]].
+
* The [[w:destrier|destrier]] is the most valuable type of [[horse]], being well bred and highly trained.
 +
* A [[w:Courser (horse)|courser]] is a warhorse lighter than a destrier and built for speed.{{ref|AGOT|15}}{{ref|AGOT|30}}{{ref|ACOK|16}}
 +
* [[w:Garron|Garrons]] are the only reasonable choice of horse [[beyond the Wall]]. Both the [[Night's Watch]] and the [[free folk]] use them in considerable numbers, both for riding and carrying cargo. Among horses, garrons are notable for their capability to deal with irregular terrain and cold temperatures.
 +
* The [[w:rouncey|rounsey]] is a steed of no particular breeding. Although rounseys are perfectly capable war horses, they are relegated to hedge knights, squires, and non-knightly men-at-arms. Rounsey are common riding horses and may also be used as pack animals.
 +
* The [[sand steed]]s of [[Dorne]] are smaller than normal warhorses and cannot bear the weight of the armor a warhorse usually wears. They are able to run for a day and a half before tiring.
  
 +
===Other Steeds===
 +
* [[Camel]]s are used by the camelry of [[Qarth]].{{ref|ACOK|27}}
 +
* The [[Jogos Nhai]] ride [[zorse]]s.{{ref|TWOIAF|The Bones and Beyond: The Plains of the Jhogos Nhai}}
 +
* War [[elephant]]s have armor and towers on their backs.{{ref|ADWD|36}}
 +
* [[Mammoths]] living [[beyond the Wall]] serve as mounts for [[giants]].{{ref|ASOS|15}}
 +
* [[Dragon]]s were ridden by [[dragonriders]] of the [[Valyrian Freehold]]{{ref|TWOIAF|Ancient History: The Rise of Valyria}} and [[House Targaryen]]{{ref|FAB|Aegon's Conquest}} until their extinction.{{ref|AGOT|23}}{{ref|AGOT|24}}
 +
* The [[Skagos]]i are said to ride [[unicorn]]s.{{ref|TWOIAF|The North: The Stoneborn of Skagos}}
 +
* [[Lizard-lion]]s were ridden by the [[Marsh King]]s of the [[crannogmen]], according to songs.{{ref|TWOIAF|The North: Crannogmen of the Neck}}
 +
* [[Giant ice spider]]s are said to have been ridden by the legendary [[Others]].{{ref|ASOS|18}}
  
====Knights and Heavily armed cavalry====
+
===Other Animals===
[[Knight]]s are usually the best outfitted and trained soldier in the field, who could afford plate armour and a varied assortment of hand weapons. They are usually deployed as Heavily armed cavalry armed with lances. It Consisted of wealthy knights and noblemen who could afford the equipment and non-noble squires employed by noblemen.
+
* A [[w:mule|mule]] is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. Used for light transport, they can have a capability for dealing with irregular terrain, such as the [[Giant's Lance]]{{ref|AFFC|41}} or the [[Wall]].{{ref|ASOS|26}}
 +
* [[w:ox|Oxen]] are hardy pack animals used for heavy transport.
 +
* [[Maesters]] use [[raven]]s for transportation in the field, although most of the birds can only fly to one destination.<ref>''[[The Winds of Winter]]'', [[Theon I (The Winds of Winter)|Theon I]]</ref>
  
 +
==Quotes==
 +
[[File:Free Folk by Mike S Miller.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Free folk]] by Mike S Miller ©]]
 +
{{quote|He had emptied the armory to put good steel in their hands; big double-bladed axes, razor-sharp daggers, longswords, maces, spiked morningstars. Clad in studded leather jerkins and mail hauberks, with greaves for their legs and gorgets to keep their heads on their shoulders, [[Mole's Town|a few of them]] even looked like soldiers.{{ref|ASOS|55}}|thoughts of [[Jon Snow]]}}
  
===="Common outfitting"==== <!-- Rewrite-->
+
{{quote|She found [[House of Black and White|a room]] full of weapons and armor: ornate helms and curious old breastplates, longswords, daggers, and dirks, crossbows and tall spears with leaf-shaped heads.{{ref|AFFC|22}}|thoughts of [[Arya Stark]]}}
* Common warriors may use short swords, double-bladed axes, bows, and other weapons{{Ref|aGoT|Prologue}}
 
* Plate armor is more common in the Reach, while mail is more the rule in the North, and the wildlings beyond the Wall are much more primitively armored (SSM: 1)
 
* Jacks, a sort of armor such as freeriders, mounted bowmen, and men-at-arms might wear {{ref|asos|73|page 841}} {{ref|affc|9|page 133}}
 
* Most freeriders have poor armor, usually made of boiled leather.{{Ref|aCoK|31}}
 
 
 
 
 
* The [[City Watch of King's Landing]], use iron cudgels and spears topped by black iron heads.{{Ref|aGoT|65}} Wear cloaks, usually made of heavy wool, dyed gold.{{Ref|aGoT|65}}
 
* The [[Crannogmen]] of the Neck, use frog spears, bronze knives, woven nets, and round leather shields {{Ref|aCoK|21}}
 
* The [[Dornishmen]] prefer round metal shields, spears, short throwing spears or the double-curved bows, they wear lighter armor than in the rest of the Seven Kingdoms made of metal disks, sewn in the manner of scales on the leather and turbaned helmets.
 
 
 
 
 
* The [[Dothraki]] have only a light cavalry armed with arakh, and short bows suitable for shooting mounted. They do not use any protection, either in the form of shields, helmets and armor.
 
* The [[Unsullied]], are light infantry, equipped with short spears, swords, round shields, and distinctive spiked caps.
 
 
 
 
 
* The [[Ibbenese]] are fond of axes{{Ref|aCoK|29}} and carry shaggy brown shields. {{ref|asos|39|page 440}}
 
 
 
 
 
====Of old====
 
* The [[children of the forest]] used knives, leaf-shaped spear heads, and arrows made of [[obsidian]] (which is also known to smallfolk as dragonglass {{ref|agot|66|page 616}} {{ref|acok|pagr 378}} {{ref|afwc|prologue|page 10}}
 
* It is not part of the [[Old Way]] to lay siege to castles. Glory can only be gotten by fighting man to man, not by flinging rocks {{Ref|aCoK|37}}
 
 
 
====Misc====
 
* The [[House Manderly|Manderlys]] can pack a dozen barges with [[knight]]s, [[horse|warhorses]], soldiers, and siege engines {{Ref|aCoK|56}}
 
 
 
==forging techniques==
 
* Oilstones are used to sharpen blades {{Ref|aGoT|42}}
 
* Some to claim to still know the spells that must be used to rework Valyrian steel, and some master armorers have revealed their ability to properly reforge it {{ref|agot|27|page 235}} {{ref|asos|32|page 359}} <ref>[http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1153/ SSM]</ref>
 
  
 
==See Also==
 
==See Also==
* [[Knight]]
 
 
* [[Feudalism]]
 
* [[Feudalism]]
 
* [[Science and technology]]
 
* [[Science and technology]]
  
 +
==References==
 +
{{References|2}}
  
==References and Notes==
+
[[Category:Science and technology]]
Note, Weapon/Armour types references refer to where these type where mentioned in the book, while some of their desription are based on real-life equivalents.
+
[[Category:Weapons]]
 
 
{{References|3}}
 
[[fr:Armement]][[zh:军备]]
 
[[Category:science and technology]]
 
  
[[Category:Weapons]]
+
[[fr:Armement]]
 +
[[pt:Armamento]]
 +
[[zh:军备]]

Revision as of 23:22, 9 May 2021

A knight in the midst of battle lands a heavy blow with his morningstar while also wielding a bloodied sword - by Tomasz Jedruszek © Fantasy Flight Games

A variety of armament is used throughout the known world.

Weapons

The weapons carried generally reflect those of the prototype armies and by far the most common is the sword. This is to a very real extent the mark of a soldier and so carried by all, although it may not necessarily be the soldier's primary weapon.

Castle-forged weapons are of high quality, generally better than those produced by smiths in the cities. However, usually only knights and nobles can afford them. The rarest and most desired swords are those forged in Old Valyria, of Valyrian steel. These swords are stronger, lighter, and sharper than all others (except perhaps for Dawn), and the steel is typically dark, almost black. The secrets of forging them have been lost and there are perhaps only a couple of hundred of them left in Westeros, mostly as prized heirlooms by noble houses.[1]

Other weapons are also common. Almost everyone carries a knife or dagger, as they are useful and practical in many circumstances. Effective spears and mauls are relatively cheap to make and are, thus, popular weapons for men-at-arms. A cheap spear can still be a good weapon; the same cannot be said of a cheap sword.[2]

Lances

House Stark cavalry, by graikfaik ©
  • A war lance is a weapon of heavy cavalry, such as knights and northern cavalry. They are often eight feet long, made of turned ash, and banded to prevent splitting. The lance is tipped with a steel point sharpened to drive through plate,[3] and is normally used for a single charge before becoming too unwieldy in close combat.
  • Tourney lances are longer and more fragile than their battlefield cousins. Their tips are blunted to better unhorse an opponent without causing serious harm, and they are unbanded, meaning that they will often break upon impact. A tourney lance is normally twelve feet long.[3]

Polearms

  • The halberd has a heavy, cleaver-like blade at the top of a long shaft. It usually has a spike at the top of the shaft and a thorn or a hook opposite to the blade.
  • The poleaxe has an axehead opposite to a hammer or a spike, mounted on a shaft.[4] The shaft usually has a spike on both ends.

Axes

  • The battle-axe is a broad-headed axe used to cleave through armor and shields. It can be wielded in one hand, and some battle-axes are double-bladed.[5]
  • The hand axe is a warrior’s version of a hatchet, smaller than a battle-axe and balanced to be thrown. These short-hafted axes are used by the ironmen to dance the finger dance.[6]
  • The longaxe is a long-hafted version of the battle-axe. The longaxe is light enough to be wielded by one hand.[7] A longaxe may have a double-bladed axe head or it may have a spike on one side.[8] It is likely that some longaxes are large enough to require two hands, such as the one wielded by Areo Hotah.[9]
  • The woodsman's axe, a tool for chopping and splitting wood, can turn into a deadly weapon. Normally used by smallfolk and brigands, it is single-bladed and smaller than its martial cousin, the battle-axe.
  • Stone axes are proudly used by the free folk.[10]
  • The Ibbenese are fond of axes.[11][12]

Swords

Tully and Lannister bannermen sketches by Tribemun ©
  • The longsword is a common weapon of knights throughout Westeros; these one-handed blades are also known as broadswords or simply "swords". The blades are about three feet in length, double-edged, and mounted on a hilt with a heavy pommel and a sizable crossguard.
  • A greatsword requires two hands to use. It is the largest type of sword.
  • A bastard sword is longer than a longsword but shorter than a greatsword. It is more of a hand-and-a-half weapon than a two-handed sword.[13]
  • The shortsword is shorter than a longsword but longer and heavier than a dagger. The shortsword is a one-handed blade generally meant for thrusting.
  • The falchion is a short, cleaver-like sword used for hacking.
  • Bravos favor slender swords, edged and balanced for the thrust.[14] The water dancers of Braavos have made these narrow swords famous, though they can be found throughout the Free Cities.[15]
  • The arakh is a long curved sword favored by Dothraki.[16]

Knives

  • A dagger is a knife used to stab and pierce, often carried as a tool as much as a weapon.
  • A dirk is a dagger designed for combat with a straight, narrow blade, often used in the off-hand to complement a primary weapon.[17]
  • A stiletto is a long, slender dagger used for stabbing. Myr is known for stilettos.[18][19]

Clubs

  • Clubs and cudgels are short weapons fashioned of hard wood or sometimes metal. The City Watch of King's Landing is armed with iron cudgels.[20]
  • The mace, a blunt crushing weapon designed to smash armor, consists of a heavy head of stone or metal set upon a wooden or metal shaft. Many warriors wield spiked maces,[21][22][3] and blunted maces can be used in tourneys.[23]

Flails

  • A flail is a military cousin to the farmer's tool. A warrior's flail is a length of chain attached to a rod. At the end of the chain is a heavy metal head.
  • A morningstar is a spiked ball swung on a chain.[24][25][26][3] In real life, a morning star is a weapon with a spiked ball atop a shaft, without the chain.

Projectiles

Island defenders, by Tomasz Jedruszek © Fantasy Flight Games

Bows and Arrows

  • Bows in the Seven Kingdoms are made from wood, though bows from other lands may be made from laminated horn or bone.[27] Bows are difficult to use while mounted and cannot normally be used with any accuracy if the mount is moving.
  • The longbow is a tall[28] bow from seasoned wood.[29] Longbows are used by most armies, and they can be fired more frequently than crossbows.[30] Great bows of goldenheart are especially favored.[31][32] The Night's Watch use great yew longbows.[33]
  • The free folk use short bows of horn and wood, including weirwood,[34] but they are outdistanced by longbows.[33]
  • A recurve bow or double-curved bow is usually smaller than a longbow, although double-curved bows of dragonbone can be tall.[16] Dornishmen are skilled with using double-curved bows on horseback.[35] Bows of bone and sinew are popular in Essos[32] and by slavers.[36]
  • The Dothraki wield great bows.[37][38] Even on horseback their bows can outrange those of Westeros.[39]
  • The goldenheart great bows used by Summer Islanders can penetrate plate.[36]
  • Crossbows are shorter bows that shoot bolts or quarrels. There is a stock attached to the bow with a mechanical assist to draw the bowstring. Due to its shorter draw, the crossbow requires a higher draw weight to give the same amount of energy as a conventional bow. The drawing mechanism can be a stirrup with a winch or a crank. The Myrish produce ungainly crossbows capable of firing three quarrels at a time.[40] Since crossbows require less training than bows,[26][41] some consider it to be a coward's weapon.[42]
  • Arrowheads are normally available both as broadheads with a sharp cutting edge and barbs at the rear for less protected targets[43] and bodkins which will penetrate plate.[44]
  • Crannogmen are known to use arrows with poisoned shafts and arrowheads covered with feces.[45][46][47]

Other Projectiles

Spears

Dornish spear phalanx, by Diego Gisbert © Fantasy Flight Games
  • The spear is a simple weapon used for hunting and combat, comprising a wooden shaft up to ten feet long tipped with a relatively small head of iron or steel.
  • A pike is a longer spear, normally ten to fifteen feet long. This weapon is used by large bodies of infantry operating together either to push through or over opposing infantry or hold off cavalry.[51]
  • A boar spear is a spear used in the hunting of boar. While real life boar spears are shorter than standard spears, King Robert I Baratheon uses a great spear when he hunts.[52]
  • A trident is a three-pronged spear. They are popular in the White Harbor area.[53][19]
  • A frog spear is a trident used by crannogmen. These slender spears are primarily used for hunting small prey like frogs and fish in the Neck,[54][55][56] but crannogmen also use them in combination with a woven net for combat.[57]

Other Weapons

  • The warhammer is usually about the same length as a mace, though they can be much longer. The head is made of hardened steel that has a long spike to one side and a small mace-like counterweight on the other. Warhammers are good for piercing armor, or hooking the enemies' reins or shields.
  • Whips are used as weapons by some Dothraki[58] and Dornishmen.[59]
  • Caltrops are sharp items which are placed on the ground to slow an enemy's infantry or cavalry.[60][61] The Night's Watch uses spiked steel caltrops.[33]

Special Items

  • Dragonglass is a volcanic material that can be fractured to create sharp knife blades or arrowheads. The children of the forest used knives, leaf-shaped spear heads, and arrows made of obsidian.[62][60][31]
  • Dragonbone bows are highly sought after as they can fire arrows over a much farther range than normal wooden bows They are especially prized by the Dothraki.[63]
  • Weirwood is valued because it does not rot,[64] and goldenheart is a prized wood from the Summer Isles.[31]
  • Things made of Valyrian steel are light[65] and nigh indestructible.[66] Blades of Valyrian steel are deadly sharp,[67] but the spell-forged[66] steel has become rare after the Doom of Valyria.[68] Some claim to still know the spells that must be used to rework Valyrian steel, and some master armorers have revealed their ability to properly reforge it. [69][1] [70]
  • Wildfire is a volatile and flammable liquid.[71]

Siege Weapons

A battering ram, by Ben Zweifel © Fantasy Flight Games

Armor

Armor in Seven Kingdoms is commonly forged from iron and steel. The style of armor is most reminiscent of the Hundred Years' War, but George R. R. Martin also looked back to the Crusades.[85] Occasionally one may find an ancient piece of armor forged from bronze, but that is a great rarity today. Advanced full plate and scale armor, made of relatively light weight steel, is also available to those with the proper funds.

Additional ornamentation can be quite elaborate. Common methods involve paints, enamels, or bluing the steel. A truly skilled blacksmith, however, can work color into the metal itself to ensure that it does not chip or flake off. Such work is expensive and can be afforded only by the nobility.

The most effective, and expensive, armor is plate armor, which consists of a number of shaped plates of steel fitted to the body. Plate is normally worn over chainmail and an undercoat padded leather. Those who cannot afford plate may wear chainmail and leather, and this coverage still provides good protection. It is also common to wear only partial plate; a plate helm, for example, is common, as are breastplates and gorgets. Scale armor is also known but considerably less common. Armor made of boiled leather is sometimes worn by itself, particularly by scouts and levied men-at-arms. While better than nothing, it cannot stop an on-target sword blow, whereas plate armor can.

Plate armor is more common in southern regions like the Reach, while mail is more the rule in the north. The free folk who live beyond the Wall are more primitively armored.[85] Dornishmen use a lot of copper armor for ornamental purposes, as it shines in the sun.[86] A new hauberk of mail, gorget, greaves, and greathelm made by a good smith can cost eight hundred silver stags.[3] Sailors clad themselves lightly in armor to avoid drowning.[87]

Plate armor schematic

Armor Types

  • Padded armor is made of leather or canvas which has been stuffed with cloth. This can be worn by itself, often called a gambeson, but is essential when wearing mail in order to absorb blows more readily.[88]
  • Boiled leather is a thick leather, boiled in water, and usually worn under mail. Such leather is dressed with oil to retain its flexibility. Boiled leather set very hard and can be moulded into rounded pieces to protect shoulders, elbows and knees.[74] Most freeriders use boiled leather.[74]
  • A brigandine or jack is a cloth garment, generally canvas or leather, lined with small oblong steel plates riveted to the fabric.
  • A hauberk is a chainmail shirt which includes sleeves and can extend as low as the knees. The hauberk is typically constructed of interlocking whoops of metal sewn into a shirt or a tunic. The sleeves of a hauberk often reach the elbow, though the sleeve length varies. The hauberk tends to be made of iron rings, and is generally worn over a padded undercoat, or boiled leather.[89]
  • A byrnie is also made of chainmail. Byrnies are generally distinguished from hauberks by their sleeve length, as a byrnie has only short sleeves. There are doubts about the exact definition (and length) of a historical byrnie, but both in Westeros and in history byrnies are some variety of armor jacket or a shirt. While the First Men of antiquity wore byrnies of bronze scales,[90] modern Westerosi wear mail byrnies.[91][92]
  • Scale armor is a garment with hundreds of small plates stitched and riveted onto it.[89]
  • Plate armor is worn over mail and a padded surcoat. Large rondels protect the juncture of arm and breast.[93] The vulnerable points are at the less protected joints, places at elbows, knees, and beneath the arms.[91]

Headwear

Other Armor Components

Northmen readying for battle, from Game of Thrones Blu-ray
  • The breastplate protects the torso from injury. Nobles sometimes decorate their breastplates.[105][106][107]
  • A gorget is a steel collar that protects the neck.[93]
  • Rondels are circular pieces of metal used for the protection of vulnerable points. They typically cover the junctures of arm and breast.[93]
  • Gloves are protective coverings for hands.[108] They are often made of leather or mail to offer additional protection,[109] and iron discs can be sewn into the fingers.[93]
  • Gauntlets are large metal gloves that cover the hand from fingers to forearm. They are generally made of steel plate.
  • Metal skirts are designed to protect the upper legs and lower torso. They generally cover the body from waist to mid thigh.[93]
  • Greaves cover the lower legs.[108]
  • Boots are generally made of leather, but the ones worn by knights are made of metal to provide protection.[25] Some leather boots can have steel shinguards.[93] Spurs are worn on the heel of boots to direct a horse.
  • Spaulders and pauldrons protect the wearer's shoulders.[91][110]
  • Vambraces are tubular protection for the forearm.[111]
  • Couters and poleyns are worn over elbows[98] and knees,[35] respectively.
  • The codpiece protects the wearer's groin.[99][91][3]
  • A doublet is a close-fitting man's jacket often worn under other attire, such as hauberks or jerkins. Padded doublets can provide some protection.[88] Nobles often have their arms embroidered on their doublets.[112][113][114]
  • Jerkins are another type of jacket which can be worn over doublets. Leather jerkins are often worn by archers.[25][115] Jerkins can be studded with iron,[74][45] silver,[116] bronze,[117] or have overlapping iron discs.[78] Crannogmen might wear jerkins with bronze scales.[118] Less protective jerkins might be made from doeskin[29][1] or sheepskin.[28] Jerkins can be sleeveless.[119][46]
  • A surcoat is a coat worn over armor or other clothes. Nobles also often have their arms depicted on their surcoats.[112][88][120][121]

Shields

Stark and Greyjoy bannermen sketches by Tribemun ©

Since round shields are specifically observed by some POV characters, the typical Westerosi shield would appear to be a heater shield. Although in real life knights rarely used shields alongside full plate armor, Martin has Westerosi knights utilize shields for aesthetic purposes.[85] Coats of arms are typically depicted on shields.

Animals

Horses

  • The destrier is the most valuable type of horse, being well bred and highly trained.
  • A courser is a warhorse lighter than a destrier and built for speed.[89][102][129]
  • Garrons are the only reasonable choice of horse beyond the Wall. Both the Night's Watch and the free folk use them in considerable numbers, both for riding and carrying cargo. Among horses, garrons are notable for their capability to deal with irregular terrain and cold temperatures.
  • The rounsey is a steed of no particular breeding. Although rounseys are perfectly capable war horses, they are relegated to hedge knights, squires, and non-knightly men-at-arms. Rounsey are common riding horses and may also be used as pack animals.
  • The sand steeds of Dorne are smaller than normal warhorses and cannot bear the weight of the armor a warhorse usually wears. They are able to run for a day and a half before tiring.

Other Steeds

Other Animals

  • A mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. Used for light transport, they can have a capability for dealing with irregular terrain, such as the Giant's Lance[138] or the Wall.[139]
  • Oxen are hardy pack animals used for heavy transport.
  • Maesters use ravens for transportation in the field, although most of the birds can only fly to one destination.[140]

Quotes

Free folk by Mike S Miller ©

He had emptied the armory to put good steel in their hands; big double-bladed axes, razor-sharp daggers, longswords, maces, spiked morningstars. Clad in studded leather jerkins and mail hauberks, with greaves for their legs and gorgets to keep their heads on their shoulders, a few of them even looked like soldiers.[30]

—thoughts of Jon Snow

She found a room full of weapons and armor: ornate helms and curious old breastplates, longswords, daggers, and dirks, crossbows and tall spears with leaf-shaped heads.[141]

—thoughts of Arya Stark

See Also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 32, Tyrion IV.
  2. A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 66, Tyrion XII.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 The Hedge Knight.
  4. 4.0 4.1 The Sworn Sword.
  5. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 23, Jon III.
  6. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 24, Theon II.
  7. 7.0 7.1 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 22, Catelyn II.
  8. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 51, Catelyn VII.
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 21, The Queenmaker.
  10. The World of Ice & Fire, The Wall and Beyond: The Wildlings.
  11. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 29, Tyrion VII.
  12. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 3, Arya I.
  13. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 60, Jon VIII.
  14. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 10, Jon II.
  15. A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 57, Tyrion XI.
  16. 16.0 16.1 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 11, Daenerys II.
  17. A Game of Thrones, Prologue.
  18. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 42, Daenerys IV.
  19. 19.0 19.1 A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 19, Davos III.
  20. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 3, Tyrion I.
  21. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 71, Catelyn XI.
  22. 22.0 22.1 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 26, Arya VI.
  23. 23.0 23.1 23.2 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 9, Brienne II.
  24. 24.0 24.1 24.2 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 31, Tyrion IV.
  25. 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 62, Tyrion VIII.
  26. 26.0 26.1 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 20, Brienne IV.
  27. 27.0 27.1 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 68, Jon VIII.
  28. 28.0 28.1 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 33, Samwell II.
  29. 29.0 29.1 29.2 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 22, Arya IV.
  30. 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 55, Jon VII.
  31. 31.0 31.1 31.2 A Feast for Crows, Prologue.
  32. 32.0 32.1 A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 61, The Griffin Reborn.
  33. 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 64, Jon VIII.
  34. 34.0 34.1 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 15, Jon II.
  35. 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 38, Tyrion V.
  36. 36.0 36.1 The World of Ice & Fire, Beyond the Free Cities: The Summer Isles.
  37. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 27, Daenerys III.
  38. The World of Ice & Fire, Beyond the Free Cities: The Grasslands.
  39. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 36, Daenerys IV.
  40. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 25, Tyrion VI.
  41. A Feast for Crows, Chapter 37, Brienne VII.
  42. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 11, Jaime II.
  43. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 37, Bran V.
  44. 44.0 44.1 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 39, Arya VII.
  45. 45.0 45.1 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 50, Theon IV.
  46. 46.0 46.1 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 18, The Iron Captain.
  47. A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 20, Reek II.
  48. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 74, Arya XIII.
  49. A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 17, Jon IV.
  50. A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 47, Tyrion X.
  51. 51.0 51.1 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 53, Bran VI.
  52. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 47, Eddard XIII.
  53. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 55, Catelyn VIII.
  54. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 28, Bran IV.
  55. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 24, Bran II.
  56. A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 4, Bran I.
  57. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 9, Bran I.
  58. 58.0 58.1 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 23, Daenerys III.
  59. 59.0 59.1 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 2, The Captain Of Guards.
  60. 60.0 60.1 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 34, Jon IV.
  61. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 39, Catelyn V.
  62. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 66, Bran VII.
  63. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 13, Tyrion II.
  64. A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 48, Jaime I.
  65. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 13, Jon II.
  66. 66.0 66.1 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 5, Samwell I.
  67. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 59, Sansa IV.
  68. The World of Ice & Fire, Ancient History: Valyria's Children.
  69. 69.0 69.1 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 27, Eddard VI.
  70. So Spake Martin: Producing Valyrian Steel, March 11, 2001
  71. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 20, Tyrion V.
  72. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 57, Daenerys V.
  73. A Feast for Crows, Chapter 33, Jaime V.
  74. 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.3 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 31, Catelyn III.
  75. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 19, Jon III.
  76. 76.0 76.1 76.2 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 58, Davos III.
  77. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 49, Tyrion XI.
  78. 78.0 78.1 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 46, Bran VI.
  79. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 57, Sansa V.
  80. Fire & Blood, Reign of the Dragon, The Wars of King Aegon I.
  81. Fire & Blood, The Dying of the Dragons - The Red Dragon and the Gold.
  82. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 69, Jon IX.
  83. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 71, Daenerys VI.
  84. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 56, Theon V.
  85. 85.0 85.1 85.2 85.3 85.4 So Spake Martin: Yet More Questions, July 22, 2001
  86. So Spake Martin: Ibben and Armor, November 09, 2002
  87. 87.0 87.1 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 29, The Reaver.
  88. 88.0 88.1 88.2 88.3 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 26, Jon IV.
  89. 89.0 89.1 89.2 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 15, Sansa I.
  90. The World of Ice & Fire, The Vale.
  91. 91.0 91.1 91.2 91.3 91.4 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 70, Tyrion X.
  92. A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 12, Reek I.
  93. 93.0 93.1 93.2 93.3 93.4 93.5 93.6 93.7 93.8 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 40, Catelyn VII.
  94. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 61, Tyrion XIV.
  95. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 45, Catelyn VI.
  96. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 73, Jon X.
  97. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 11, Theon I.
  98. 98.0 98.1 98.2 The Mystery Knight.
  99. 99.0 99.1 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 50, Arya IV.
  100. Fire & Blood, The Dying of the Dragons - Rhaenyra Overthrown.
  101. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 23, Daenerys II.
  102. 102.0 102.1 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 30, Eddard VII.
  103. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 9, Tyrion I.
  104. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 56, Tyrion VII.
  105. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 4, Eddard I.
  106. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 34, Catelyn VI.
  107. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 39, Eddard X.
  108. 108.0 108.1 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 35, Eddard IX.
  109. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 63, Catelyn X.
  110. A Feast for Crows, Chapter 38, Jaime VI.
  111. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 47, Arya IX.
  112. 112.0 112.1 A Game of Thrones, Chapter 7, Arya I.
  113. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 20, Eddard IV.
  114. A Feast for Crows, Chapter 27, Jaime III.
  115. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 38, Arya VIII.
  116. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 66, Tyrion IX.
  117. A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 31, Melisandre I.
  118. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 1, Arya I.
  119. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 70, Jon IX.
  120. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 63, Daenerys V.
  121. A Feast for Crows, Chapter 14, Brienne III.
  122. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 30, Arya VII.
  123. The World of Ice & Fire, Beyond the Free Cities: The Summer Isle.
  124. 124.0 124.1 The World of Ice & Fire, Ancient History: The Rise of Valyria.
  125. A Feast for Crows, Chapter 25, Brienne V.
  126. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 21, Bran III.
  127. 127.0 127.1 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 36, Cersei VIII.
  128. The World of Ice & Fire, Ancient History: Ten Thousand Ships.
  129. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 16, Bran II.
  130. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 27, Daenerys II.
  131. The World of Ice & Fire, The Bones and Beyond: The Plains of the Jhogos Nhai.
  132. A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 36, Daenerys VI.
  133. Fire & Blood, Aegon's Conquest.
  134. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 24, Bran IV.
  135. The World of Ice & Fire, The North: The Stoneborn of Skagos.
  136. The World of Ice & Fire, The North: Crannogmen of the Neck.
  137. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 18, Samwell I.
  138. A Feast for Crows, Chapter 41, Alayne II.
  139. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 26, Jon III.
  140. The Winds of Winter, Theon I
  141. A Feast for Crows, Chapter 22, Arya II.