Difference between revisions of "Pronunciation guide"
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{| {{ts|w50}} | {| {{ts|w50}} | ||
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| {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=igot/><ref name=var/><ref name=nyc2/> | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=igot/><ref name=var/><ref name=nyc2/> | ||
| {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | [{{IPA|'sɜɹseɪ}}] | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | [{{IPA|'sɜɹseɪ}}] | ||
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{| {{ts|w50}} | {| {{ts|w50}} | ||
− | | rowspan="2" {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | '''Daenerys''' | + | | rowspan="2" {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | '''[[Daenerys]]''' |
| {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=albu/> & {{sc|got}}<ref name=got/> | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=albu/> & {{sc|got}}<ref name=got/> | ||
| {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | [{{IPA|də'nɛəɹɪs}}] | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | [{{IPA|də'nɛəɹɪs}}] | ||
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| {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/> | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/> | ||
| {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | [{{IPA|'dæni}}] | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | [{{IPA|'dæni}}] | ||
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{{anchor|Davos}} | {{anchor|Davos}} | ||
{| {{ts|w50}} | {| {{ts|w50}} | ||
− | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | '''Davos''' | + | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | '''[[Davos]]''' |
| {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=torcon2/> | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=torcon2/> | ||
| {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | [{{IPA|'dɑːvoʊs}}] | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | [{{IPA|'dɑːvoʊs}}] | ||
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| {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | [{{IPA|'stænɪs}}] | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | [{{IPA|'stænɪs}}] | ||
| {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | ''{{sc|stan}}-iss'' | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | ''{{sc|stan}}-iss'' | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{anchor|Theon}} | ||
+ | {| {{ts|w50}} | ||
+ | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | '''[[Theon]]''' | ||
+ | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | {{sc|got}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | [{{IPA|'θiɒn}}] | ||
+ | | {{ts|al|pl1|w25}} | ''{{sc|thee}}-on'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 12:21, 8 May 2014
The pronunciation of names in the Known World is variable. Unlike the academic J.R.R. Tolkien, who claimed to have written The Lord of the Rings series primarily for the joy of fleshing out the invented languages of Middle Earth,[1] George R.R. Martin has stated that "I don't have [Tolkien's] gift for languages";[2] that he "came to not care much about pronunciation" during college;[3] and that "you can pronounce [the names of the characters] however you like."[3][4]
Contents
Sources
Author
George Raymond Richard Martin himself is an American who was born to a family of mixed Italian and Irish ancestry and grew up in Bayonne, New Jersey. He attended college and university at Northwestern in Evanston, Illinois, and now lives in Santa Fe, New Mexico, but his accent has been described as remaining a "gravelly New Jersey" one.[5] While Westeros has regional accents, he only includes elements of them since "that way lies madness";[6] therefore, his own pronunciations are probably "wrong".[7] He agrees with those who feel English accents work better for fantasy works: "It is full of castles and lords and swords and knights and all the other trappings we associate with England in this country. It seems natural. It would be hard to do with a group of actors who had thick Southern accents".[8]
Television Show
Within the television show, accents generally reflect the region and class of the characters. (A specific class-based difference noted within the show is that the lords themselves carefully enunciate "my lord" as two words whereas commoners slur them into a monosyllabic "m'lud".[9]) Westerosi accents generally reflect those of Britain, from Northern among the First Men of the North and beyond the Wall to Welsh influence in the Vale to posh RP accents among the Andal nobility and clergy of the Westerlands and Crownlands. Essosi comprises the rest of Eurasia and characters from its regions have spoken with Mediterranean (Braavos), Germanic (Lorath), and loosely Arabic accents (Dothraki).[10] The more peculiar accents of the Essosi characters reflect that the Common Tongue of the Andals (i.e., English) is not their native language.[11] These general differences have several notable exceptions among the actors: Ned Stark's children speak with southern British accents while Samwell Tarly (from Horn Hill, south of Highgarden) speaks with John Bradley-West's Mancunian dialect. Asshai is nowhere near Lorath but Melisandre speaks with Carice van Houten's native Dutch accent.[10]
The show hired the linguist David J. Peterson to flesh out Essos's Dothraki language.[12] He then went on to create Valyrian from only three phrases appearing in the books: dracarys, valar morghulis, and valar dohaeris. He runs a blog detailing the grammar of the two languages[13] and provides translations of (and audio files for) Martin's books and the actors' lines[14] but his pronunciations are not necessarily canonical: showrunners opted against his pronunciation of khaleesi, actors change phrasings and vocalizations, and editors clip sentences during post-production.[12]
Audio Books
All of the audiobooks of the series have now been read by Roy Dotrice, OBE, the British actor who played Hallyne the Pyromancer in season 2 of the television show. Owing to scheduling issues, A Feast for Crows was also initially read by John Lee, who speaks an Irish-tinged British English.[15] Martin credited the audiobooks with having consulted him on most of the 'hard' names and getting them right, but noted that they "then went and got all the easy ones wrong".[7]
Guide
For help understanding the pronunciations, see IPA for English[16] and the pronunciation respelling key at Wikipedia.[17] For further information on dialectical differences, see IPA for English dialects.
The following abbreviations are employed:
- grrm: George R.R. Martin (kindly provide sources for these)
- got: the television show
- djp: David J. Peterson, the show's linguist
- rd: the Roy Dotrice audio books
- jl: the John Lee audio book of A Feast for Crows
Given Names
Aegon | got | ['ɛɡɔn] | eg-on |
got | ['eɪɡɔn] | ay-gon |
Aenys | rd | ['eɪnɪs] | ay-nis |
Aeron | — | ['ɛəɹən] | air-ən, like Aaron |
Aerys | got[18] | ['eɪɹiz] | err-eez |
Alliser | got[18] | ['ælɪsəɹ] | al-iss-er |
Areo | grrm[19] | ['ɑɹiəʊ] | ar-ee-oh |
Arya | grrm[20][21][22] & got[18] | ['ɑɹjə] | ar-yə, like 'are ya' |
Asha | got | ['jæɹə] | ya-ra |
Baelor | got[18] | ['beɪlɔɹ] | bay-lor |
Barristan | got[18] | ['bɛəɹɪstɪn] | bair-iss-tin, like bear |
Benjen | grrm[23] | ['bɛndʒɛn] | ben-jen |
got[18] | ['bɛndʒɪn] | ben-jin |
Bran | grrm[24][25] | [bɹæːn] | bran |
Brienne | grrm[26] | [bɹi'ɛəni] | bree-an-ee |
grrm[4][22] | [bɹi'əni] | bree-ə-nee | |
got & rd | [bɹi'ɛn] | bree-en | |
rd | [bɹaɪ'i:n] | bry-een |
Caleotte | grrm[19] | ['kæliɒt] | kal-ee-aht |
Catelyn | grrm[27][28][29] | ['kætəlɪn] | kat-ə-lin |
grrm[30] & got[18] | ['kætlɪn] | kat-lin |
Cersei | grrm[26][29][23][22] | ['sɜɹseɪ] | serr-say |
got[18] | ['sɜɹsi] | serr-see | |
rd | ['sɜ:si] | suh-see | |
jl | ['sɪəseɪ] | sih-ə-say |
Chataya | grrm[31] | shə-ty-yə |
Daenerys | grrm[26][7] & got[18] | [də'nɛəɹɪs] | də-nair-iss |
grrm[22] | [deɪn'ɛəɹɪs] | dayn-air-iss |
Damphair | grrm[32] & jl | ['dæmphɛəɹ] | damp-hair |
rd | ['dæmfɛəɹ] | dam-fair |
Dany | grrm[26] | ['dæni] | dan-nee, like Danny |
Davos | grrm[26][30] | ['dɑːvoʊs] | dah-vohs |
Dolorous | grrm[33] | ['dɒləɹəs] | dol-ər-əs, like dollar |
Doran | grrm[19][34] | [dəʊ'ɹæn] | doh-ran |
Drogo | got[18] | ['dɹoʊɡoʊ] | droh-goh |
Eddard | got[18] | ['ɛdɑɹd] | ed-dard |
Elia | grrm[34] | el-lee-ə |
Euron | rd | [jɔːɒn] | yawr-on, like British you're on |
Gendry | got[18] | ['ɡɪndɹi] | ghin-dree |
Gregor | got[18] | [ɡrə'gɔɹ] | grə-gor |
Hodor | grrm[4] & got[18] | ['hoʊdɔɹ] | hoh-dor |
Hoster | got[18] | ['hɒstəɹ] | hoss-ter |
Jaime | grrm[26][29][20][7][22] | ['dʒeɪmi] | jay‑mee, like Jamie |
Jeyne | grrm[35] | [dʒeɪn] | jayn, like Jane |
Jojen | — | ['dʒəʊdʒən] | joh-jən |
Jon | grrm[26] & got | [dʒɒn] | jon, like John |
Jonquil | grrm[33] | ['dʒɒnkɪl] | jon-kil |
Lyanna | grrm[30] | ly-an-ə |
Lysa | grrm[23] | [laɪsɑː] | ly-sah |
got | ['laɪsə] | ly-sə |
Mance | grrm[36] | [mæns] | mans, like manse |
Missandei | grrm[30] | meess-ahn-day |
Myrcella | grrm[37] | mər-sel-lə |
Ned | grrm[29] & got | [nɛd] | ned |
Oberyn | got | ['oʊbərɪn] | oh-bə-rin |
Petyr | grrm[38] | ['pi:təɹ] | pee-tər, like Peter |
rd | [pɪ'taɪəɹ] | pih-ty-ər, like tyre | |
jl | [pə'tɪɹ] | pə-tir |
Pyat | grrm[37] | pee-at |
Rhaegar | grrm[39] & got | ['ɹeɪgɑɹ] | ray-gar |
Rickon | grrm[26] | ['ɹɪkɒn] | rik-on |
R'hllor | grrm[40] | rə-lor |
Robb | grrm[29] | [rɑb] | rob |
Sandor | — | san-dor (The resemblance to a Hungarian name is unintentional.[41]) |
Sansa | grrm[30] | ['sɔːnsə] | sawn-sə |
grrm[20][22] | ['sænsə] | san-sə | |
got | variously ['sænsə], ['sænzə], ['sɑːnsə] | san-sə, san-zə, son-sə |
Stannis | grrm[36] | ['stænɪs] | stan-iss |
Theon | got[18] | ['θiɒn] | thee-on |
Tobho | grrm[33] | [toʊ:'boʊ] | toh-boh |
Tommen | grrm[19][30] | ['toʊmən] | tohm-ən, like omen[31] |
rd & jl | ['tɒmən] | tom-ən, like common |
Tyrion | grrm[26][29][20][23][22] | ['tiɹiən] | teer-ee-ən |
Tysha | grrm[41] | tish-ə |
Tywin | grrm[20][27] & got | ['taɪwɪn] | ty-win |
Varamyr | grrm[36] | ['væɹəmiɹ] | var-ə-meer |
Varys | grrm[30] | ['væɹʌs] | var-us |
got[18] | ['vɛəɹɪs] | vair-iss |
Viserys | got[18] | [vɪ'sɛːɹɪs] | vih-serr-iss |
Walder | got[18] | ['wɔldəɹ] | wal-dər |
Waymar | got[18] | ['weɪmɑɹ] | way-mar |
Xaro Xhoan | got | ['zaːɹəʊ 'zəʊ.æn] | zah-roh zoh-an |
Yoren | got[18] | ['jɔəɹɪn] | yor-in, like you're in |
Houses and Surnames
Arryn | got[18] | ['ɛəɹɪn] | air-in |
Baelish | got[18] | ['beɪlɪʃ] | bay-lish |
Baratheon | grrm[29] | [bɑ'ɹæθiɒn] | bah-rath-ee-on |
got[18] | [bə'ɹæθiən] | bə-rath-ee-ən |
Cassel | got[18] | [kəs'ɛl] | kəs-el |
Clegane | got[18] | [klɪ'ɡeɪn] | clih-gayn |
Daxos | got | ['dɒksoʊs] | dok-sohs |
Forel | got[18] | [fɔɹ'ɛl] | for-el |
Frey | grrm[33] & got | [fɹeɪ] | fray |
Greyjoy | got[18] | ['ɡɹeɪdʒɔɪ] | gray-joy |
Hotah | grrm[19] | ['həʊtɑː] | hoh-tah |
Lannister | grrm[26] & got[18] | ['lænɪstəɹ] | lan-iss-tər |
Mormont | got[18] | ['mɔrmɒnt] | mor-mont |
Payne | got[18] | [peɪn] | payn, like pain |
Rayder | grrm[36] | [ɹeɪdəɹ] | ray-dər, like raider |
Royce | got[18] | ['ɹɔɪs] | like Rolls Royce |
Selmy | got[18] | ['sɛlmi] | sel-mee, like sell me |
Slynt | got[18] | [slɪnt] | slint |
Snow | grrm[29] & got | [snoʊ] | snoh, like snow |
Stark | grrm[26] & got[18] | [stɑɹk] | stark |
Targaryen | grrm[26][27][7] & got[18] | [tɑɹ'gɛəɹiən] | tar-gair-ee-ən |
Tarly | got[18] | ['tæɹli] | tar-lee |
Thorne | got[18] | ['θɔɹn] | thorn |
Tully | grrm[29] & got[18] | ['tʌli] | tul-ee |
Tyrell | got[18] | ['tɪrʌl] | tih-rul |
got | ['tirɛl] | ty-rel |
Places and Peoples
Andals | grrm[25] | [æn'dəlz] | an-dəlz |
got[18] | ['ændælz] | an-dalz |
Asshai | got[18] | [ə'ʃaɪ] | ə-shy |
rd | [a'ʃaɪ] | a-shy | |
jl | ['aʃaɪ] | ash-eye |
Braavos | got[18] | ['bɹɑːvoʊs] | brah-vohs |
Moat Cailin | grrm[30] | moht kah-lan |
Dyre Den | grrm[42] | [daɪ̯əɹ dɛn] | dy-ər den |
Dothraki | grrm[25] | doth-ra-kai | |
grrm[37] | doth-ra-kee | ||
got[18] | doth-rak-ee |
Essos | got[18] | ['ɛsoʊs] | ess-ohs |
The Eyrie | got[18] | ['ɪəri] | eer-ee, like eerie |
Ghis | grrm[37] | geess, like geese |
Harrenhal | got[18] | ['hɛəɹɪnhɑːl] | hair-in-hahl |
Lys | grrm[41] | [lis] | leess |
Myr | grrm | ['maɪəɹ] | my-ər, like mire |
Pentos | got[18] | ['pɛntoʊs] | pen-tohs |
Qarth | got[18] | [kwɑrθ] | kwarth |
got | [xɑrθ] | kharth |
sept | got[18] | [sɛpt] | sept |
Tyrosh | grrm[41] | ty-rosh |
Vaes Dothrak | got[18] | ['viɪs dɒθ'ræk] | vy-iss doth-rak |
Valyria | grrm[25] | ['vælɛəɹiə] | val-air-ee-ə |
got[18] | ['vəliɹiə] | və-leer-ee-ə |
Westeros | grrm[26][25] | ['wɛstəɹoʊs] | wes-tər-ohs |
got[18] | ['wɛstɛɹoʊs] | wes-te-rohs |
Titles
Khal | got[18] | ['xɑl] | khahl |
rd | ['kɑɹl] | karl, like Carl |
Khaleesi | grrm[30] & got[18] | ['kɑliːsiː] | kal-ee-see |
got | [kɑː'liːsiː] | ka-lee-see | |
djp[43] | [ˈxaleesi] | khah-lay-ay-see |
Maester | grrm[23][39][30][7] & got[18] | ['meɪstəɹ] | may-stər |
got | ['meɪstɝː] | may-sterr |
Septa | got[18] | ['sɛptə] | sep-tə |
Ser | grrm[7] | [sɝː] | serr, like sir |
got[18] | [sɛəɹ] | sair |
External links
References and Notes
- ↑ Peterson, Britt. "Yes, Writing Languages for 'Game of Thrones' Is a Real Job". Boston Globe, 6 Apr 2014. Accessed 2 May 2014.
- ↑ Amoka. "Yet More Questions". The Citadel, 22 July 2001. Accessed 1 May 2014.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 E.E. Knight. "So Spake Martin: Odyssey Con 2008 (Madison, Wi)". The Citadel, 4–6 Apr 2008.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Nazfyratu. "US Signing Tour (New York City, NY)". The Citadel, 15 Nov 2005. Accessed 1 May 2014.
- ↑ Salter, Jessica. "Game of Thrones: Interview with George RR Martin". The Telegraph, 25 Mar 2013. Accessed 2 May 2014.
- ↑ "So Spake Martin: Cyvasse, Accents, Historical Mysteries, and Dornish Nationalism". The Citadel, 20 Apr 2008.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Oathkeeper. "So Spake Martin: US Signing Tour (Albuquerque, NM)". The Citadel, 29 Nov 2005.
- ↑ Wheeler, Brian. "Why Are Fantasy World Accents British?" BBC News Magazine, 30 Mar 2012. Accessed 2 May 2014.
- ↑ Tywin Lannister to Arya Stark in "A Man without Honor".
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Read, Max. "What Is Going on with the Accents in Game of Thrones?". Gawker, 6 May 2013. Accessed 1 May 2014.
- ↑ Daenerys's request that leaders of her army begin learning the language is a minor plot point in "Oathkeeper".
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Martin, Denise. "Learn to Speak Dothraki and Valyrian from the Man who Invented Them for Game of Thrones". Vulture, 24 Apr 2013. Accessed 1 May 2014.
- ↑ Peterson, David. Dothraki: A Language of Fire and Blood. Accessed 1 May 2014.
- ↑ Tharoor, Ishaan. "Tongues of Ice and Fire: Creating the Languages in Game of Thrones". Time, 3 May 2013. Accessed 2 May 2014.
- ↑ Narrator Profile: John Lee". AudioFile Magazine. Accessed 2 May 2014.
- ↑ For further information on IPA, see Wikipedia's article on the International Phonetic Alphabet. The IPA can be somewhat non-intuitive for native English-speakers, particularly since it uses continental values for its vowels.
- ↑ For further information on respelling, see pronunciation respelling for English.
- ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 18.17 18.18 18.19 18.20 18.21 18.22 18.23 18.24 18.25 18.26 18.27 18.28 18.29 18.30 18.31 18.32 18.33 18.34 18.35 18.36 18.37 18.38 18.39 18.40 18.41 18.42 18.43 18.44 18.45 18.46 18.47 18.48 18.49 18.50 18.51 18.52 18.53 18.54 18.55 18.56 18.57 Making Game of Thrones. "Inside the Series: Official Pronunciation Guide for 'Game of Thrones'". HBO, 11 Feb 2011.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 Interview with George R.R. Martin. Canadian Broadcast Channel.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 Fantasy Flight Games. "So Spake Martin: Days of Ice and Fire Official Report". The Citadel. 12 Nov 2010.
- ↑ "So Spake Martin: Cersei and Homer". The Citadel, 10 Sept 1999.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 Strangerwithmyface. "So Spake Martin: US Signing Tour (New York, NY)". The Citadel, 15 Nov 2005.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 Revanshe. "So Spake Martin: Various Pronunciations". The Citadel, 24 Oct 1998.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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tag; no text was provided for refs namedff
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 The Bear Swarm! Podcast, Episode 136 – George R.R. Martin and a Song of Ice and Fire. 22 Nov 2010.
- ↑ 26.00 26.01 26.02 26.03 26.04 26.05 26.06 26.07 26.08 26.09 26.10 26.11 26.12 Interview with George R.R. Martin. Random House, Nov 2005.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Riale. "So Spake Martin: Cody's Signing (Berkley, Ca)". The Citadel, 11 Nov 2000.
- ↑ Mich. "So Spake Martin: Canadian Signing Tour (Toronto)". The Citadel, 9 Jan 2006.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 29.6 29.7 29.8 Martin, George R.R. Not a Blog: "Inside Game of Thrones". 5 Dec 2010.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 30.6 30.7 30.8 30.9 Lyanna Wolfgirl. "Thus Spake Martin: Torcon (Toronto, Canada)". The Citadel, 28 Aug–1 Sept 2003.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Mouse. "So Spake Martin: Torcon (Toronto, Canada)". The Citadel, 28 Aug–1 Sept 2003.
- ↑ Amazon Books. "George R.R. Martin Answers Facebook Fans' Questions". YouTube, 12 Jan 2012.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Bronn Stone. "So Spake Martin: Torcon (Toronto, Canada)". The Citadel, 28 Aug–1 Sept 2003.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 Bronn Stone. "So Spake Martin: Conquest (Kansas City, Mo)". The Citadel, 27 May 2005.
- ↑ Martin, George R.R. A Dance with Dragons. 2011.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 Lord Mountain Goat. "Post-Reading Q&A Video (Worldcon)". The Citadel, 3 Sept 2010.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 Elio M. García. "So Spake Martin: Interaction (Glasgow, Scotland)". The Citadel, 4–8 Aug 2005.
- ↑ "So Spake Martin: To Be Continued (Chicago, Il)". The Citadel, 6–8 May 2005.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 "So Spake Martin: Pronunciations". The Citadel, 8 May 1999.
- ↑ Martin, George R.R. Not a Blog: Comment. 21 Jan 2014.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 Odiedragon. "So Spake Martin: To Be Continued (Chicago, Il)". The Citadel, 6–8 May 2005.
- ↑ Martin, George R.R. Not a Blog: Comment. 1 Nov 2011.
- ↑ Peterson, David. Dothraki: "Developing Canon". 18 Mar 2012.